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CAS
Dublin; and in the reign of Hen. VIII. was granted to
the mayor, bailiffs, and commons of that city. During
the lieutenancy of Lord Falkland, between the years
1625 and 1629, a castle was erected here in order to
check the turbulent septs of O’Toole and O’Byrne: but
in 1641, the garrison being withdrawn to Dublin on a
case of emergency, and the castle being left in the cus-
tody of a few unarmed English, it was surprised and
taken by the O’Byrnes, who had intercepted a supply of
arms and ammunition sent for its defence. By a charter
of Charles I., in 1628, this place was erected into a small
military dep6t, and constituted a borough, under the
control of a sovereign and twelve free burgesses. The
corporation was endowed with lands not only for their
own support, but also for maintaining the garrison of
the castle; and the sovereign was made a justice of the
peace, and for a year after the expiration of his office
presided in a court for the recovery of debts not exceed-
ing £20. The same charter also conferred upon the
sovereign and free burgesses the privilege of returning
two representatives to the Irish parliament, which they
continued to exercise till the Union, when the borough
was disfranchised, and the £15,000 granted as com-
pensation was awarded to John, Earl of Carysfort.
This town has dwindled into a small village, consist-
ing only of a few houses of the humblest class, si-
tuated in a mountainous district. The corporation
appear to have scarcely exercised any of their rights,
except that of returning members to parliament, and
at present it seems totally extinct as a borough.
Fairs are held on Whit-Monday, Nov. 12th, and Dec.
26th. Here is a chapel, which was formerly endowed
by the charter of Chas. I. with 130 acres of land,
for the maintenance of a chaplain, whose appoint-
ment was vested in the sovereign and burgesses, or, on
their failing to appoint, the income from the endowment
was to be paid to any minister officiating in the town,
From the extinction of the corporation, the endowment
is lost, but the service of the chapel is performed by the
rector of Rathdrum, or his curate. There is a R, C.
chapel, which is the parochial chapel of Rathdrum.
The Royal chartered school was founded by Chas. I., who
granted to the sovereign and burgesses 200 acres of
arable land and 97 acres of mountain and bog, for the
sole use of such schoolmaster as the deputy or other
chief governor of Ireland should appoint to reside and
teach in the borough. This endowment had been, for
many years comparatively unavailing; a school was kept
in a miserable cabin, and under an inefficient teacher;
but a large and commodious school-house, with comfort-
able apartments for the master and his family, was
recently built by the Board of Education, and there are
now more than 100 children in the school. The income
arising from the endowment, about £160 per annum, is
received by the Board, who pay the master’s salary,
provide all school requisites, and keep the buildings in
repair. Carysfort gives the titles of Earl and Baron, to
the family of Proby.—See RATHDRUM.
CASHCARRIGAN, a village, in the parish of KIL-
TUBRID, barony and county of LEITRIM, and province
of CONNAUGHT, 6¾ miles (N. E.) from Carrick-on-
Shannon, on the road to Ballmamore; containing 18
houses and 94 inhabitants. It is a constabulary police
station, and has a penny post to Carrick-on-Shannon,
and a dispensary. Fairs are held on Feb. 1st, March
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17th, May 1st and 28th, June 29th, Aug. 1st, Sept. 21st,
Oct. 8th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 21st.—See KILTUBRID.
CASHEL, a parish, in the barony of RATHCLINE,
county of LONGFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 4½
miles (S.) from Lanesborough; containing 5087 inha-
bitants. This parish is situated on the river Shannon,
and on the road from Lanesborough to Ballymahon, and
contains 10,420 statute acres, as applotted under the
tithe act: the land is principally under tillage, but there
is some marsh land and several thousand acres of bog
in the northern and eastern parts of the parish. The
substratum is limestone, of which there are some good
quarries. The seats are Newpark, the residence of Capt.
W. J. Davys, and a small seat belonging to Sir G. R.
Fetherston, Bart., of Ardagh. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of
the Archbishop of Tuam, as diocesan: the rectory is
impropriate in Messrs. Armstrong, lessees of Lord Fau-
conberg: the tithes amount to £664. 13.11., of which
£443. 3. 2. is payable to the impropriators, and
£221. 10. 9. to the incumbent. The church is a plain
structure, with a square tower, built in 1816 by aid of a
gift of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits. The
glebe-house was erected in 1817, by aid of a gift of £400
and a loan of £400 from the same Board: the glebe
consists of 35 acres. The R. C. parish is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church; the chapel, at
Newtown, is a handsome cruciform building, ornamented
with, minarets, and of recent erection; near it is a
national school; and there are seven private schools in
the parish, in which 220 boys and 154 girls receive
instruction. Near the church are the ruins of an abbey,
said to have been a dependency of the Augustinian
abbey on Quaker island; they are covered with ivy, and
a low arched doorway and lancet-shaped window still
remain. At Cashel nearly the whole extent of Lough
Ree is visible: this lake, of which the name signifies
“the king of lakes,” extends from Lanesborough to
Athlone, and is nearly 20 miles in length, and in some
parts 9 in breadth. A regatta generally takes place in
August, which is attended by many pleasure-boats from
Limerick. Its shores are studded with handsome resi-
dences, and it contains many picturesque islands, the
largest of which are Hare Island (still thickly covered
with its original woods, and on which Lord Castlemaine
has a fishing-lodge), Inchrnore, Inchturk, Inchboffin,
All Saints’ Island, Inisclothrann, or Quaker island, and
Inchyana. Killenure, or the inner lake, is a picturesque
portion of Lough Ree, branching eastward into the
county of Westmeath, and containing Temple and Friars’
islands, the former of which is the property of R. H.
Temple, Esq., who has a neat lodge on it; the latter of
G. Jones, Esq., who has also?rected a lodge. In Inis-
clothrann, which is also called Seven Church island,
and Quaker island, are the remains of seven churches.
An abbey was founded here in 540, by St.Diarmuit
Naoimh, or “the Just,” which was pillaged by the men
of Munster, in 1010, 1016, 1050, and 1087; in 1155
it was burnt, and in 1193 plundered by Gilbert de
Nangle. The abbey of Inisboffin, founded about 530,
by St. Rioch, nephew of St. Patrick; and the abbey
founded on the island of All Saints, by St. Kieran, in
544, were also ravaged by the men of Munster on the
same occasions; and in 1089 all three were plundered
and destroyed by Muircheartach O’Brien, aided by a
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