the soviet partisan movement 1941-1944 by edgar m. howell

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viii PART TWO . 1941-1942: THE PERIOD OF GERMAN ADVANCES--Continued CONTENTS Chapter 4 . Early Russian Resistance and German Counter- Page measures ......................................................................42 The First Resistance..............................................................42 Bypassed Red Army Units..............................................42 Parachutists.....................................................................42 Communist-Led Units ....................................................43 Annihilation Battalions...................................................44 The Soviets Organize the Movement....................................44 Establishment of Partisan Combat Battalions .................45 and Diversionary Units Local Partisan Units Early Partisan Operations .....................................................47 German Counteractions ........................................................48 The Security Commands.................................................49 Laxity in the Rear ...........................................................52 Passive Measures by the Army.......................................56 Prisoner of War Status of the Partisans.................................57 OKH Directives ..............................................................57 The OKW Approach.......................................................59 5. German Occupation Policies in Operation.................................61 Russian Reaction ..................................................................61 General Conditions .....................................................61 Russian Propaganda....................................................63 The Partisan Movement Becomes Independent ..........65 Change in German Tactics....................................................66 The New Tactics in Operation ....................................69 Antipartisan Directives ...............................................71 Effect of the Manpower Shortage in the Rear.......................72 The Partisan Picture Begins To Change ...............................75 The Beginning of Partisan Cooperation With the Red Army .......................................................................77 Early Use of the Bands as Intelligence Organs ...........79 Reorganization Within the Movement........................80 The Bands and Soviet Strategy ...................................82 Morale and Discipline in the Bands............................83 Armament and Supply ................................................84 The German Manpower Shortage, Spring, 1942 ..................85 The Rear Areas and the 1942 Offensive ...............................90 German Preparation in the Rear..................................90 Passive. Measures.......................................................92 Partisan Reaction to the Offensive..............................93 6 . The Occupation Falters ..................................................................97 Political Aspects ...................................................................97 Land Reform...............................................................99 Religion ....................................................................103 Education..................................................................104 Food Shortages .........................................................104 Suppression of Indigenous Administrations .............105 The Forced Labor Program and Its Effect on the Partisan Movement .......................................................107 Treatment of Prisoners of War......................................109
CONTENTS PART TWO . 1941-1942: THE PERIOD OF GERMAN ADVANCES-Continued ix Chapter 6.- Continued Page The Failure of the German Propaganda Effort......................111 The Partisans and the German Economic Program...............113 7. The Germans Change Their Tactics ........................ 116 The New OKW Antipartisan Policy ................................. 116 Too Little Too Late ............................................................121 PART THREE . 1943-1944: THE PERIOD OF SOVIET OFFENSIVES Chapter 8 . German-Russian Operations Following the Fall of Stalingrad ...................................................................123 The Soviet Offensive Early 1943........................................123 The Red Army in 1943 .......................................................125 German Strategy in 1943....................................................125 The Battle for Kursk and Kharkov......................................127 The Drive Across the Dnepr ...............................................129 The Winter Battles..............................................................131 The Final Drives.................................................................135 9 . The Partisan Movement Reaches Maturity ..............137 Completion of the Reorganization......................................137 Leadership and Personnel .............................................140 Targets. .........................................................................141 The Bands as Intelligence Organs.................................142 Partisan Propaganda..................................................... .144 Reestablishment of the Communist Party in the Rear.................................................................145 Chapter 10 The Partisans and the Campaign of 1943 ................147 The Winter Period, January to May.................................... 147 Partisan Forces..............................................................147 German Forces..............................................................148 Partisan Activities.........................................................149 German Countermeasure ..............................................152 Preliminary Operations, May-June .....................................154 Partisan Concentration Areas and the Rail Lines .......................................................................154 Strategic Significance of the Concentrations ................156 Soviet Plans ..................................................................157 German Counteraction..................................................157 The Summer Battles in the Central Sector..........................161 The Northern and Southern Sectors During the Summer and Fall.............................................................169 The Central Sector, October-December..............................171 Partisan Concentrations ................................................171 The Security Commands...............................................172 Sabotage in October......................................................173 The Pressure Eases Momentarily..................................175 Cooperation With the Red Army Again .......................176 Sabotage Continue........................................................ 177 German Attempts To Curb the Sabotage ......................178 The Long Range Partisan Strategy................................179
Page 2: F I N L A N D Kholrn MOSCOW S. R. A
Page 6 and 7: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON 2
Page 9: PREFACE The purpose of this text is
Page 14 and 15: x PART THREE. 1943-1944: THE PERIOD
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Page 22 and 23: Map 3. Period of German Offensives,
Page 24 and 25: PREINVASION PLANNING 9 Still doubti
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Page 42 and 43: GERMAN OPERATIONS TO THE STALINGRAD
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EARLY RUSSIAN RESISTANCE AND GERMAN
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CHAPTER 5 GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICIE
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GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICIES IN OPERA
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Chapter 6 THE OCCUPATION FALTERS
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 99 The commo
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 101 lective
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 103 Religion
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 105 was the
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 107 The Forc
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THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 115 tected b
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THE GERMANS CHANGE THEIR TACTICS 11
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F N L A N O Map 4. Period of Soviet
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Chart 3 ORGANIZATIOUIF A PARTISAN B
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THE PARTISAN MOVEMENT REACHES MATUR
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CHAPTER 10 THE PARTISANS AND THE C
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THE PARTISANS AND THE CAMPAIGN OF 1
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PARTISAN CONCENTRATIONS IN SECTOR O
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164 on the rail lines of the centra
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THE DECISIVE MONTHS: JANUARY—JUNE
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THE DECISIVE MONTHS: JANUARY-JUNE 1
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15 Anl. 43 z. KTB, H. Gr. Nord. 14.
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ARMY GROUP CENTER REAR AREA' WINTER
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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Soviet Pa
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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 217 United Sta
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the soviet partisan movement 1941-1944 by edgar m. howell

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