the soviet partisan movement 1941-1944 by edgar m. howell

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PREINVASION PLANNING 19 district Kommissare. A higher SS and police leader was to be assigned to each Reichskommissariat. 44 Taken together with Himmler's "preparation," there was to be nothing benevolent about this administration. What the Russian people thought or felt did not matter, and there was to be no real attempt to draw them over into the German camp. The occupation was to be permanent. That was the final goal as Hitler set it, and nothing or no one was to be allowed to interfere with the attainment of it. 45 This was a struggle of ideologies, not nations. 46 The "Jewish-Bolshevik" intelligentsia was to be exterminated. In Great Russia force was to be used "in its most brutal form." 47 Moscow and Leningrad were to be leveled and made uninhabitable so as to obviate the necessity for feeding the populations through the winter. 48 The land was first to be dominated, then administered and exploited. 49 Martial law was to be established and all legal procedures for offenses committed by enemy civilians were to be eliminated. Guerrillas were to be ruthlessly killed at any time. Civilians who attacked members of the Wehrmacht were to be treated in like manner and on the spot. In circumstances where individuals attacking the armed forces could not readily be identified collective punitive measures were to be carried out immediately upon orders of an officer with the rank of battalion commander or higher. Suspects were not to be retained in custody for trial at a later date. For offenses committed by members of the Wehrmacht against the indigenous population, prosecution was not to be compulsory even when such acts constituted crimes or offenses under German mili- -tary law. Such acts were to be prosecuted only when the maintenance of discipline required it. 50 All Communist Party functionaries and Red Army commissars, including those at the small unit level, were to be 44 Erster Abschnitt: Die Organization der Verwaltung in den besetzten Ostgebieten, an undated, unsigned paper found in the Rosenberg files outlining the organization and administration of the occupied eastern territories, in I.M.T.,op. cit., XXVI, pp. 592-609. According to Rosenberg, "[This paper] is not a direct instruction of the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories but it was the result of discussions with the various agencies of the Reich government officially interested in the east. In this document there are contained instructions for the Eastern Ministry itself." (See: I.M.T., op. cit., XXXVIII, pp. 86-94. 45 Aktenvermerk, Fuehrerhauptquartier, 16.VII.41. I.M.T., op. cit., XXXVIII, pp. 86-94. 46 Greiner, "Draft Entries in the War Diary of Def Br of Wehrmacht Operations (Dec 40-Mar 41)," op. cit., p. 202. 47 "Halder's Journal," op. cit., VI, p. 29. 48 Ibid., p. 212. 49 Aktenvermerk, Fuehrerhauptquartier, 16.VII.41., in I.M.T., op. cit. XXXVIII, pp. 86-94. 50 Order concerning martial law in the area of Operation BARBAROSSA and special measures for the troops," Fuehrer HQ, 13.V.41., in "Fuehrer Directives," op. cit., I, pp. 173-74.
20 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT eliminated as guerrillas not later than at the transit prisoner of war camps. This was the well-known "Commissar Order." 51 Preparation for the Economic Exploitation Germany's ultimate objectives in the attack on the Soviet Union were primarily of an economic nature. The campaign was intended to introduce the vast food resources of Russia into the European economy and makeRussian raw materials available for the Four-Year Plan. 52 With the USSR's "boundless riches under her control," as Hitler put it, Germanywould be "unassailable" and would control the necessary potential for waging "future wars against continents." 53 The systematic economic exploitation, such as the Germans planned, had three basically different aspects: exploitation with the aim of supporting the troops in the field; exploitation in terms of obtaining raw materials and food stuffs for Germany proper; and lastly the permanent control and exploitation of all economic production in Russia within the framework of a European market under German hegemony. Goering, as plenipotentiary of the Four-Year Plan, was given jurisdiction over the whole program and empowered to issue all orders concerning it, even to the Wehrmacht. 54 He in turn delegated this authority to the Policy Directorate of the Economic Staff East (Wirtschaftsfuehrungsstab Ost) headed by the chief of the Armed Forces Economic Office, General der Infantrie Georg Thomas. 55 In Russia itself, control was to be vested in Economic Staff Oldenburg for Special Duties (Wirtschaftsstab Z.b. V. Oldenburg) under the command of Generalmajor Schubert. Staff Oldenburg was to exercise its command and administrative functions through five economic inspec 51 See: Abt. Landesverteidigung (IV/Uq) F. H. Qu., den 12.V.41., Betr.; Behandlung gefangener politischer und milit. russischer Funktionaere in I.M.T., op. cit., XXVI, pp. 406-08; OKH/Az. Gen zbV ObdH (Gr R Wes), Nr. 91/41g. Kdos. Chefs., 8.VI.41. in Fr Heere Ost, Chefsachen Band I. H 3/1. 52 Wirtschaftspolitische Richtlinien fuer Wirtschaftsorganisation Ost, Gruppe Landwirtschaft, Wirtschaftsstab Ost, Gruppe Ia, 23.V.41. in I.M.T., op. cit., XXXXVI, pp. 13557; see also: Vortragsnotiz uber Vierjahresplan und Vorbereitung der Kriegswirtschaft, Abt. Landesverteidigung 3.XII.36. in ibid., pp. 478-80. The Four-Year Plan was set up in 1936 with Hermann Goering as plenipotentiary to "Within four years . . . put the entire economy in a state of readiness for war," and in peacetime to safeguard ". . . the independent basis of the life and economy of the German people," i. e., to make Germany self-sufficient in such strategic war materials as gasoline, rubber, and steel. 53 Greiner, "Operation BARBAROSSA," op. cit., p. 70. 54 Hitler Decree "concerning the Economy in the Newly Occupied Eastern Territories," 20 May 41, in Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington, 1948), III, p. 832. 55 Unterabschnitt Ostpreussen I, IV Wi, "Der IV Wi des AOK," 12.VI.41., in KTB.2,Korueck 584. 35615/2; Besprechung mit den Wehrmachtteilen am Dienstag, den 29.IV.41. in I.M.T., op. cit., XXVII, pp. 32-38.
Page 2: F I N L A N D Kholrn MOSCOW S. R. A
Page 6 and 7: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON 2
Page 9: PREFACE The purpose of this text is
Page 12 and 13: viii PART TWO . 1941-1942: THE PERI
Page 14 and 15: x PART THREE. 1943-1944: THE PERIOD
Page 16 and 17: 2 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT Euro
Page 18 and 19: 4 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT Whit
Page 20 and 21: 6 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT mile
Page 22 and 23: Map 3. Period of German Offensives,
Page 24 and 25: PREINVASION PLANNING 9 Still doubti
Page 26 and 27: PREINVASION PLANNING 11 Chart 1 - O
Page 28 and 29: PREINVASION PLANNING 13 visions wer
Page 30 and 31: PREINVASION PLANNING 15 limited obj
Page 32 and 33: PREINVASION PLANNING 17 and philoso
Page 36 and 37: PREINVASION PLANNING 21 torates, on
Page 38 and 39: PREINVASION PLANNING 23 world revol
Page 40 and 41: PREINVASION PLANNING 25 sions, of w
Page 42 and 43: GERMAN OPERATIONS TO THE STALINGRAD
Page 58 and 59: EARLY RUSSIAN RESISTANCE AND GERMAN
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 5 GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICIE
Page 79 and 80: GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICIES IN OPERA
Page 85 and 86:
GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICIES IN OPERA
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 6 THE OCCUPATION FALTERS
Page 115 and 116:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 99 The commo
Page 117 and 118:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 101 lective
Page 119 and 120:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 103 Religion
Page 121 and 122:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 105 was the
Page 123 and 124:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 107 The Forc
Page 125 and 126:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 109 As the p
Page 127 and 128:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 111 This gro
Page 129 and 130:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 113 . The Pa
Page 131 and 132:
THE OCCUPATION FALTERS 115 tected b
Page 133 and 134:
THE GERMANS CHANGE THEIR TACTICS 11
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
F N L A N O Map 4. Period of Soviet
Page 141 and 142:
124 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT th
Page 143 and 144:
126 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT be
Page 145 and 146:
128 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT wa
Page 147 and 148:
130 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT fo
Page 149 and 150:
132 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT ti
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
136 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT fu
Page 155 and 156:
138 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT ci
Page 157 and 158:
Chart 3 ORGANIZATIOUIF A PARTISAN B
Page 159 and 160:
THE PARTISAN MOVEMENT REACHES MATUR
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
CHAPTER 10 THE PARTISANS AND THE C
Page 167 and 168:
THE PARTISANS AND THE CAMPAIGN OF 1
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 182 and 183:
PARTISAN CONCENTRATIONS IN SECTOR O
Page 184 and 185:
162 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT no
Page 186 and 187:
164 on the rail lines of the centra
Page 188 and 189:
166 Soviet propaganda aimed at the
Page 190 and 191:
168 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT li
Page 192:
170 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT si
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
THE DECISIVE MONTHS: JANUARY—JUNE
Page 208 and 209:
THE DECISIVE MONTHS: JANUARY-JUNE 1
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
15 Anl. 43 z. KTB, H. Gr. Nord. 14.
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 221:
ARMY GROUP CENTER REAR AREA' WINTER
Page 224 and 225:
196 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT Th
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
200 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT of
Page 230 and 231:
202 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT su
Page 232 and 233:
204 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT Ge
Page 234 and 235:
206 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT at
Page 236 and 237:
208 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT ar
Page 238 and 239:
210 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT we
Page 240 and 241:
212 THE SOVIET PARTISAN MOVEMENT me
Page 243 and 244:
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Soviet Pa
Page 245:
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 217 United Sta
show all

the soviet partisan movement 1941-1944 by edgar m. howell

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?