Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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88 3 Military confrontations Fig. 11 The Arch of Galerius in Thessaloniki. Detail from the North-East (Laubscher, H.P. (1975) Der Reliefschmuck des Galeriusbogens in Thessaloniki: pl. 52) (DAI-Neg.-Nr. 1 D-DAI-ATH-Thessaloniki 257; by Hermann Wagner) agreements of the foedus of 298, which from a Persian perspective can be seen as acceptable (17). 3.2 the fourth century: the conflict escalates under ˇsāpūr ii (309–79) 61 7: Fighting during the reign of Constantius II (337–61) Sasanian invasions of Roman territory appear to have resumed before the reign of Constantine the Great ended. 62 The emperor’s death on 22 May 337 in the middle of his military preparations delayed the outbreak of the 61 For a comprehensive survey of the sources related to Rome’s relations with ˇ Sāpūr II see Dodgeon and Lieu 1991: 143–274. 62 Scholars are not unanimous regarding the date of the first siege of Nisibis; see Matthews 1989a: 499 n. 15 and Blockley 1989: 470; on the beginning of the war and its causes see Mosig-Walburg 2002: 329–47.
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ROME AND PERSIA IN L ATE ANTIQUITY
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Contents List of figures page viii
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Contents vii 8 Emperor and King of
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Maps 1 Asia Minor and the Roman Eas
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xii Preface and Sarah Parker and El
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xiv List of abbreviations ByzF Byza
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xvi List of abbreviations WJA Würz
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2 Introduction ‘Oriental’ appea
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4 Introduction reader may also be r
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6 Introduction More than once the B
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c h a p t e r 1 Rome and Iran to th
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1 To the beginning of the third cen
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2.1 The third century 19 withdraw a
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2.1 The third century 21 Map 2: (co
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2.1 The third century 23 also made
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2.1 The third century 25 deal with
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2.1 The third century 27 288 return
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2.1 The third century 29 in order t
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ARMENIA Citharizon Martyropolis Cep
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2.2 The fourth century 33 that had
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2.3 The fifth century 35 confrontat
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2.4 The sixth century 37 on his cam
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2.4 The sixth century 39 tax system
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2.4 The sixth century 41 In 551 a n
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2.4 The sixth century 43 asking the
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2.5 The seventh century 45 Persian
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2.5 The seventh century 47 king esc
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2.5 The seventh century 49 Constant
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c h a p t e r 1 Political goals In
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1 Territorial claims - Sasanians vs
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 57
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 59
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a b c d A 40°N 35°E Caesarea 35°
Page 160: c h a p t e r 2 Warfare 3: Sasanian
Page 164: 3 Sasanian armaments and tactics 65
Page 176: 4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
Page 180: Mtskheta Avaraır Kırkuk Paıkulı
Page 184: 4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
Page 188: 5 ˇ Sāpūr I at war with Rome 77
Page 204: 6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 85
Page 208: 6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 87
Page 214: 90 3 Military confrontations Althou
Page 218: 92 3 Military confrontations the Ro
Page 222: 94 3 Military confrontations Julian
Page 226: 96 3 Military confrontations the li
Page 230: 98 3 Military confrontations centur
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Page 238: 102 3 Military confrontations Figs.
Page 242: 104 3 Military confrontations Roman
Page 246: 106 3 Military confrontations Kavā
Page 250: 108 3 Military confrontations here
Page 254: 110 3 Military confrontations one m
Page 258: 112 3 Military confrontations their
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114 3 Military confrontations Fig.
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116 3 Military confrontations ‘
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118 3 Military confrontations campa
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120 4 The diplomatic solutions Sapo
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122 4 The diplomatic solutions homa
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124 4 The diplomatic solutions gene
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126 4 The diplomatic solutions to c
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128 4 The diplomatic solutions Tran
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130 4 The diplomatic solutions Most
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132 4 The diplomatic solutions (12)
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134 4 The diplomatic solutions but
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136 4 The diplomatic solutions that
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138 4 The diplomatic solutions conc
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140 4 The diplomatic solutions else
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142 4 The diplomatic solutions Dār
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144 4 The diplomatic solutions and
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146 4 The diplomatic solutions acqu
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148 4 The diplomatic solutions area
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150 4 The diplomatic solutions Kav
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c h a p t e r 5 Arabia between the
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154 5 Arabia between the great powe
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CYPRUS ISAURIA Seleucia Tarsus Medi
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25 Proxy policy’: Lahmids and Gas
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25 Proxy policy’: Lahmids and Gas
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c h a p t e r 6 Shared interests: C
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40 °E 50 °E Sinope CASPIAN Mtskhe
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26 Armenia 177 him, who once more a
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26 Armenia 179 an embassy, [urging]
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26 Armenia 181 built during late an
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26 Armenia 183 the influential men
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26 Armenia 185 cut off on this side
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26 Armenia 187 Edessa and the surro
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B l a c k S e a Trapezus MOSSYNOECI
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27 Protection of the frontier 191 w
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27 Protection of the frontier 193 t
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28 Economy and trade 195 compensati
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28 Economy and trade 197 for the pa
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ANAREI ( HU-CHIEH) S h a n Aksu (we
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28 Economy and trade 201 raised by
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28 Economy and trade 203 The conseq
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28 Economy and trade 205 do not acc
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28 Economy and trade 207 Byzantium
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28 Economy and trade 209 stimulated
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29 The Sasanian Empire 211 and Hell
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30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
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30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
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31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
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31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
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32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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33 The sixth and seventh centuries
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34 Legitimate rule and the ‘famil
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40 °E 50 °E 30 °E B l a c k S e
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 245 ques
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 247 hims
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 249 lead
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 251 II.
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 253 Agat
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36 Enforced resettlement of prisone
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37 Mutual cultural interest 263 com
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37 Mutual cultural interest 265 hid
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ˇSāpūr II 309-379 Appendix 1 267
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Chronological table 269 267 Odaenat
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Chronological table 271 532 ‘Eter
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a p p e n d i x 3 Glossary amicitia
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Glossary 275 trade in the border pr
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Glossary 277 Magians (magoi) Accord
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Glossary 279 Praetorian prefect The
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Glossary 281 Vassal kings In Iran t
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Bibliography 283 (1985) ‘Der Begi
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Bibliography 285 Bier, C. (1993)
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Bibliography 287 (1989) ‘Coping w
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Bibliography 289 (1986a) ‘Argbed
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Bibliography 291 de Jong, A. (1997)
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Bibliography 293 Eadie, J. W. (1967
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Bibliography 295 (1983b) ‘Bahrain
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Bibliography 297 Göbl, R. (1974) D
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Bibliography 299 (2002a) ‘Geist i
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Bibliography 301 Humbach, H. and Sk
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Bibliography 303 Kettenhofen, E. (1
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Bibliography 305 Lerner, J. D. (199
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Bibliography 307 Maricq, A. (1955)
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Bibliography 309 Müller, C. D. G.
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Bibliography 311 Peeters, P. (1924)
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Bibliography 313 Ross, S. K. (2001)
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Bibliography 315 Sellheim, R. (1994
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Bibliography 317 Sprengling, M. (19
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Bibliography 319 (1995) ‘Conséqu
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Bibliography 321 von Wickevoort-Cro
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Bibliography 323 Wiita, J. E. (1977
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Bibliography 325 Zeimal, E. V. (199
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lxxx.3.3: 154 lxxx.3.4: 71 lxxx.4.1
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Nikephoros 22b-23b (pp. 19-20 ed. d
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v.13.7: 229 v.15.9-10: 229 viii.15.
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Index of translated sources 333 Hel
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Ablaas 222 Abdas 223, 224 Abramos 1
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Lahmid(s) 39, 48, 107, 113, 144, 16
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Aborrhas 107 Adiabēnē 15, 86, 261
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Ingilēnē 124, 126, 128, 133 Ionia
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Achaemenid Empire 1, 55, 118 Achaem
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foundations (of cities) 109, 256, 2
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silk worms (breeding of) 207 silk 1
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