Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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30°N 10°N 14 The third Sasanian–Byzantine War 111 Palmyra SYRIA Damascus Jerusalem Petra . Hatra 0 1000 km 0 500 miles Hıra . ¯ Kufa ¯ Mosul 50 °E Hamadan ¯ P E R S I A Ctesiphon Isfahan . ¯ Basra BAHRAIN Susa . Taima¯ N A J D . Mada ¯ in Salih . ¯ . ? Gerrha YAMAMA ¯ Yathrib (Medına) Haliban . ¯ Turaba Aksum Y E M E N E T H I O P I A H I J A Z Mecca Ta . ¯ if ¯ I R A Q Najran ¯ M A I S A N Ma rib Sana . ¯ Zufar . ¯ ¯ . 50 °E . Persepolis H A D R A M A U T Suhar . . ¯ U M A N ¯ 30°N 10°N Map 7: The sphere of contact in the Near East between Iran and the Arabs in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times expansion into south-west Arabia – where the Yemen became a Sasanian vassal state until the rise of Islam 187 – and their intervention in Roman– Turkic diplomatic relations had caused the third great Byzantine–Persian War, 188 as pretexts and he claims that the West was simply eager for war. Arabia became a theatre of war in the course of the sixth century (map 7). Towards the end of the reign of Xusrō I the Sasanians expanded 187 Harmatta 1974. 188 Turtledove 1983: 292–301.
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ROME AND PERSIA IN L ATE ANTIQUITY
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Contents List of figures page viii
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Contents vii 8 Emperor and King of
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Maps 1 Asia Minor and the Roman Eas
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xii Preface and Sarah Parker and El
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xiv List of abbreviations ByzF Byza
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xvi List of abbreviations WJA Würz
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2 Introduction ‘Oriental’ appea
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4 Introduction reader may also be r
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6 Introduction More than once the B
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c h a p t e r 1 Rome and Iran to th
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1 To the beginning of the third cen
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2.1 The third century 19 withdraw a
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2.1 The third century 21 Map 2: (co
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2.1 The third century 23 also made
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2.1 The third century 25 deal with
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2.1 The third century 27 288 return
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2.1 The third century 29 in order t
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ARMENIA Citharizon Martyropolis Cep
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2.2 The fourth century 33 that had
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2.3 The fifth century 35 confrontat
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2.4 The sixth century 37 on his cam
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2.4 The sixth century 39 tax system
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2.4 The sixth century 41 In 551 a n
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2.4 The sixth century 43 asking the
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2.5 The seventh century 45 Persian
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2.5 The seventh century 47 king esc
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2.5 The seventh century 49 Constant
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c h a p t e r 1 Political goals In
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1 Territorial claims - Sasanians vs
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 57
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 59
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a b c d A 40°N 35°E Caesarea 35°
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c h a p t e r 2 Warfare 3: Sasanian
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3 Sasanian armaments and tactics 65
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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Mtskheta Avaraır Kırkuk Paıkulı
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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5 ˇ Sāpūr I at war with Rome 77
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Page 204: 6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 85
Page 208: 6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 87
Page 212: 7 Fighting during Constantine’s r
Page 216: 8 Julian’s Persian War 91 Ammianu
Page 220: 8 Julian’s Persian War 93 Fig. 12
Page 224: 9 Arcadius and Yazdgard I 95 empero
Page 228: 10 Persians and the Hephthalites 97
Page 232: 11 The Sasanian monarchy 99 and bec
Page 236: 12 The first Sasanian-Byzantine War
Page 248: 13 The second Sasanian-Byzantine Wa
Page 252: 14 The third Sasanian-Byzantine War
Page 258: 112 3 Military confrontations their
Page 262: 114 3 Military confrontations Fig.
Page 266: 116 3 Military confrontations ‘
Page 270: 118 3 Military confrontations campa
Page 274: 120 4 The diplomatic solutions Sapo
Page 278: 122 4 The diplomatic solutions homa
Page 282: 124 4 The diplomatic solutions gene
Page 286: 126 4 The diplomatic solutions to c
Page 290: 128 4 The diplomatic solutions Tran
Page 294: 130 4 The diplomatic solutions Most
Page 298: 132 4 The diplomatic solutions (12)
Page 302: 134 4 The diplomatic solutions but
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136 4 The diplomatic solutions that
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138 4 The diplomatic solutions conc
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140 4 The diplomatic solutions else
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142 4 The diplomatic solutions Dār
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144 4 The diplomatic solutions and
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146 4 The diplomatic solutions acqu
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148 4 The diplomatic solutions area
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150 4 The diplomatic solutions Kav
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c h a p t e r 5 Arabia between the
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154 5 Arabia between the great powe
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CYPRUS ISAURIA Seleucia Tarsus Medi
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25 Proxy policy’: Lahmids and Gas
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25 Proxy policy’: Lahmids and Gas
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c h a p t e r 6 Shared interests: C
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40 °E 50 °E Sinope CASPIAN Mtskhe
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26 Armenia 177 him, who once more a
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26 Armenia 179 an embassy, [urging]
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26 Armenia 181 built during late an
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26 Armenia 183 the influential men
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26 Armenia 185 cut off on this side
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26 Armenia 187 Edessa and the surro
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B l a c k S e a Trapezus MOSSYNOECI
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27 Protection of the frontier 191 w
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27 Protection of the frontier 193 t
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28 Economy and trade 195 compensati
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28 Economy and trade 197 for the pa
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ANAREI ( HU-CHIEH) S h a n Aksu (we
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28 Economy and trade 201 raised by
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28 Economy and trade 203 The conseq
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28 Economy and trade 205 do not acc
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28 Economy and trade 207 Byzantium
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28 Economy and trade 209 stimulated
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29 The Sasanian Empire 211 and Hell
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30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
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30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
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31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
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31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
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32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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33 The sixth and seventh centuries
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34 Legitimate rule and the ‘famil
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40 °E 50 °E 30 °E B l a c k S e
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 245 ques
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 247 hims
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 249 lead
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 251 II.
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 253 Agat
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36 Enforced resettlement of prisone
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37 Mutual cultural interest 263 com
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37 Mutual cultural interest 265 hid
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ˇSāpūr II 309-379 Appendix 1 267
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Chronological table 269 267 Odaenat
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Chronological table 271 532 ‘Eter
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a p p e n d i x 3 Glossary amicitia
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Glossary 275 trade in the border pr
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Glossary 277 Magians (magoi) Accord
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Glossary 279 Praetorian prefect The
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Glossary 281 Vassal kings In Iran t
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Bibliography 283 (1985) ‘Der Begi
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Bibliography 285 Bier, C. (1993)
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Bibliography 287 (1989) ‘Coping w
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Bibliography 289 (1986a) ‘Argbed
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Bibliography 291 de Jong, A. (1997)
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Bibliography 293 Eadie, J. W. (1967
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Bibliography 295 (1983b) ‘Bahrain
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Bibliography 297 Göbl, R. (1974) D
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Bibliography 299 (2002a) ‘Geist i
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Bibliography 301 Humbach, H. and Sk
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Bibliography 303 Kettenhofen, E. (1
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Bibliography 305 Lerner, J. D. (199
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Bibliography 307 Maricq, A. (1955)
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Bibliography 309 Müller, C. D. G.
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Bibliography 311 Peeters, P. (1924)
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Bibliography 313 Ross, S. K. (2001)
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Bibliography 315 Sellheim, R. (1994
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Bibliography 317 Sprengling, M. (19
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Bibliography 319 (1995) ‘Conséqu
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Bibliography 321 von Wickevoort-Cro
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Bibliography 323 Wiita, J. E. (1977
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Bibliography 325 Zeimal, E. V. (199
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lxxx.3.3: 154 lxxx.3.4: 71 lxxx.4.1
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Nikephoros 22b-23b (pp. 19-20 ed. d
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v.13.7: 229 v.15.9-10: 229 viii.15.
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Index of translated sources 333 Hel
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Ablaas 222 Abdas 223, 224 Abramos 1
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Lahmid(s) 39, 48, 107, 113, 144, 16
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Aborrhas 107 Adiabēnē 15, 86, 261
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Ingilēnē 124, 126, 128, 133 Ionia
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Achaemenid Empire 1, 55, 118 Achaem
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foundations (of cities) 109, 256, 2
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silk worms (breeding of) 207 silk 1
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