Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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a p p e n d i x 2 Chronological table 224 The Sasanian Empire is founded c. 226/227 Ardaˇsīr I attacks Hatra 230–232 Ardaˇsīr I invades Roman territory 232/233 Severus Alexander responds with counter-attacks 235/236 (?) Ardaˇsīr I conquers Nisibis and Carrhae 240/241 The Sasanians conquer Hatra 242–244 Gordian III marches against Persia 243 Nisibis and Carrhae are reconquered; the Romans are victorious at Rhesaina and advance into the Sasanian province of Āsūreˇstān 244 Sāpūr ˇ I defeats Gordian III at Miˇsīk and concludes peace with Philip the Arab 252 253 Sāpūr ˇ I conquers Armenia Sāpūr ˇ I advances into Mesopotamia and Syria; the Sasanians are victorious at Barbalissos 253 The Palmyrene prince Odaenathus scores first successes against the Sasanians 253/4 or 255–257 256 The Sasanians advance into Cappadocia Sāpūr ˇ I rejects Odaenathus’ offer of alliance; rapprochement between Rome and the Palmyrene 260 prince Sāpūr ˇ I is victorious at Edessa; Valerian is captured; the Sasanians advance into Cilicia, Cappadocia, Lycaonia; a large number of inhabitants of the Roman Empire are deported into the Sasanian Empire 260 Odaenathus counter-attacks the Sasanians 262–264 Odaenathus defeats the Sasanians several times and advances to Ktēsiphōn twice (262; 264?) 268
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ROME AND PERSIA IN L ATE ANTIQUITY
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Contents List of figures page viii
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Contents vii 8 Emperor and King of
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Maps 1 Asia Minor and the Roman Eas
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xii Preface and Sarah Parker and El
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xiv List of abbreviations ByzF Byza
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xvi List of abbreviations WJA Würz
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2 Introduction ‘Oriental’ appea
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4 Introduction reader may also be r
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6 Introduction More than once the B
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c h a p t e r 1 Rome and Iran to th
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1 To the beginning of the third cen
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2.1 The third century 19 withdraw a
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2.1 The third century 21 Map 2: (co
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2.1 The third century 23 also made
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2.1 The third century 25 deal with
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2.1 The third century 27 288 return
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2.1 The third century 29 in order t
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ARMENIA Citharizon Martyropolis Cep
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2.2 The fourth century 33 that had
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2.3 The fifth century 35 confrontat
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2.4 The sixth century 37 on his cam
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2.4 The sixth century 39 tax system
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2.4 The sixth century 41 In 551 a n
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2.4 The sixth century 43 asking the
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2.5 The seventh century 45 Persian
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2.5 The seventh century 47 king esc
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2.5 The seventh century 49 Constant
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c h a p t e r 1 Political goals In
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1 Territorial claims - Sasanians vs
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 57
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 59
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a b c d A 40°N 35°E Caesarea 35°
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c h a p t e r 2 Warfare 3: Sasanian
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3 Sasanian armaments and tactics 65
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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Mtskheta Avaraır Kırkuk Paıkulı
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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5 ˇ Sāpūr I at war with Rome 77
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6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 85
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6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 87
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7 Fighting during Constantine’s r
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8 Julian’s Persian War 91 Ammianu
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8 Julian’s Persian War 93 Fig. 12
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9 Arcadius and Yazdgard I 95 empero
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10 Persians and the Hephthalites 97
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11 The Sasanian monarchy 99 and bec
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12 The first Sasanian-Byzantine War
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13 The second Sasanian-Byzantine Wa
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14 The third Sasanian-Byzantine War
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30°N 10°N 14 The third Sasanian-B
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14 The third Sasanian-Byzantine War
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15 The advance of Xusrō II Parvēz
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3.5 The seventh century: Might and
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c h a p t e r 4 Diplomatic solution
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16 The peace treaty of 244 121 Fig.
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17 The peace treaty of 298 123 for
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17 The peace treaty of 298 125 who
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Euphrates Edessa Sophe - ne - Carrh
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17 The peace treaty of 298 129 Rome
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18 The peace treaty of 363 131 18:
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18 The peace treaty of 363 133 On f
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19 The peace treaty of 422 135 19:
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19 The peace treaty of 422 137 sugg
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20 The peace treaty of 562 139 the
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20 The peace treaty of 562 141 trut
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20 The peace treaty of 562 143 doub
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20 The peace treaty of 562 145 caus
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20 The peace treaty of 562 147 defe
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21 The peace treaty of 628 149 ‘T
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21 The peace treaty of 628 151 agre
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22 Hatra 153 and via Singara and Ed
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23 Palmyra 155 Hatraensians, who ha
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a 40°N b CYPRUS Arados 30°N c Gal
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23 Palmyra 159 with Persia before t
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23 Palmyra 161 However, when in 270
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24 The Arab prince Imru ulqais 163
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24 The Arab prince Imru ulqais 165
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168 5 Arabia between the great powe
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174 6 Shared interests: Continuing
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c h a p t e r 7 Religion: Christian
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212 7 Religion: Christianity and Zo
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c h a p t e r 8 Emperor and ‘King
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234 8 Emperor and King of Kings Art
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236 8 Emperor and King of Kings Ira
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238 8 Emperor and King of Kings The
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240 8 Emperor and King of Kings M.
Page 518: c h a p t e r 9 Exchange of informa
Page 522: 244 9 Exchange of information betwe
Page 566: a p p e n d i x 1 Lists of Sasanian
Page 572: Chronological table 269 267 Odaenat
Page 576: Chronological table 271 532 ‘Eter
Page 580: a p p e n d i x 3 Glossary amicitia
Page 584: Glossary 275 trade in the border pr
Page 588: Glossary 277 Magians (magoi) Accord
Page 592: Glossary 279 Praetorian prefect The
Page 596: Glossary 281 Vassal kings In Iran t
Page 600: Bibliography 283 (1985) ‘Der Begi
Page 604: Bibliography 285 Bier, C. (1993)
Page 608: Bibliography 287 (1989) ‘Coping w
Page 612: Bibliography 289 (1986a) ‘Argbed
Page 616: Bibliography 291 de Jong, A. (1997)
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Bibliography 293 Eadie, J. W. (1967
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Bibliography 295 (1983b) ‘Bahrain
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Bibliography 297 Göbl, R. (1974) D
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Bibliography 299 (2002a) ‘Geist i
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Bibliography 301 Humbach, H. and Sk
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Bibliography 303 Kettenhofen, E. (1
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Bibliography 305 Lerner, J. D. (199
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Bibliography 307 Maricq, A. (1955)
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Bibliography 309 Müller, C. D. G.
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Bibliography 311 Peeters, P. (1924)
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Bibliography 313 Ross, S. K. (2001)
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Bibliography 315 Sellheim, R. (1994
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Bibliography 317 Sprengling, M. (19
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Bibliography 319 (1995) ‘Conséqu
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Bibliography 321 von Wickevoort-Cro
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Bibliography 323 Wiita, J. E. (1977
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Bibliography 325 Zeimal, E. V. (199
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lxxx.3.3: 154 lxxx.3.4: 71 lxxx.4.1
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Nikephoros 22b-23b (pp. 19-20 ed. d
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v.13.7: 229 v.15.9-10: 229 viii.15.
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Index of translated sources 333 Hel
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Ablaas 222 Abdas 223, 224 Abramos 1
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Lahmid(s) 39, 48, 107, 113, 144, 16
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Aborrhas 107 Adiabēnē 15, 86, 261
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Ingilēnē 124, 126, 128, 133 Ionia
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Achaemenid Empire 1, 55, 118 Achaem
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foundations (of cities) 109, 256, 2
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silk worms (breeding of) 207 silk 1
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Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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