Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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198 6 Shared interests: Continuing conflicts 10°N Mediterianean Sea BASTARNAE Alexandria E G Y P T Byzantium Tyre Damascus Gaza S Y R I A ( T A C H I N ) 20°N Myos-Hormos R e d S e a B l a c k S e a Antakya (Antioch) Halebie-Zenobia Dura-Europa Palmyra Euphrates A R A B I A Tigris 30 °E Panticapaeum A L A N I AOR SI Hamadan (Ecoatana Aman) A B Z O A E (YEN-TS'A I ) Caspian Sea P A R T H I A (ANHSI) ¯ ¯ ¯ P e r s i a n G u l f Damghan Damghan (Hacatomphylos) (Hacatomphylos) Ho-tu) Ho-tu) Aral Sea Oxus Marv (Antiokia Margiana) (Mu-lu) 60 °E A r a b i a n Sea ( E t h r y a e a n S e a ) SOGDIANA (K'ANG CHU) BACTIRIA (TA HSIA) 60 °E SYEBI (CHIEN-K'UN) Jaxarles Samarkand (Maracanda) (Pei-t'ien ) Balkh (Bactra) (Pu-tiao) Tashkent Indus Barbaricum Map 13: The Silk Road from China to the Roman Orient FARGHANA (IAYUAN) Begram KUSHAN I TAY U E H C H I H ¯ ALANORSI (TING-LING) L. Balkhash Issyk-kul Taxila Barygaza R. Iii WU-SUN T Te n Kashgar ¯ (Su-to) Yarkand (Su-chil) Mathura ? (T'IEN which have famous walls, 130 in war always thwart the bravery of the Persians; 131 they are enthusiastic about their business and well engaged in trade with the entire province. 130 In late antiquity city walls were considered as sanctum and could not be mended or changed without explicit permission by the emperor; cf. Dig. i.8.9.4, i.8.8.2 and i.8.11; on this issue see <strong>Winter</strong> 1996: 205–6. 131 The Sasanians had attacked Nisibis repeatedly during the reign of Constantius II (7).
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ROME AND PERSIA IN L ATE ANTIQUITY
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Contents List of figures page viii
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Contents vii 8 Emperor and King of
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Maps 1 Asia Minor and the Roman Eas
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xii Preface and Sarah Parker and El
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xiv List of abbreviations ByzF Byza
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xvi List of abbreviations WJA Würz
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2 Introduction ‘Oriental’ appea
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4 Introduction reader may also be r
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6 Introduction More than once the B
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c h a p t e r 1 Rome and Iran to th
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1 To the beginning of the third cen
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2.1 The third century 19 withdraw a
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2.1 The third century 21 Map 2: (co
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2.1 The third century 23 also made
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2.1 The third century 25 deal with
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2.1 The third century 27 288 return
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2.1 The third century 29 in order t
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ARMENIA Citharizon Martyropolis Cep
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2.2 The fourth century 33 that had
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2.3 The fifth century 35 confrontat
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2.4 The sixth century 37 on his cam
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2.4 The sixth century 39 tax system
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2.4 The sixth century 41 In 551 a n
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2.4 The sixth century 43 asking the
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2.5 The seventh century 45 Persian
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2.5 The seventh century 47 king esc
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2.5 The seventh century 49 Constant
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c h a p t e r 1 Political goals In
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1 Territorial claims - Sasanians vs
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 57
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2 Succession to Achaemenid rule 59
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a b c d A 40°N 35°E Caesarea 35°
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c h a p t e r 2 Warfare 3: Sasanian
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3 Sasanian armaments and tactics 65
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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Mtskheta Avaraır Kırkuk Paıkulı
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4 Earliest Roman-Sasanian confronta
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5 ˇ Sāpūr I at war with Rome 77
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6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 85
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6 Galerius defeats Narsē in 298 87
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7 Fighting during Constantine’s r
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8 Julian’s Persian War 91 Ammianu
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8 Julian’s Persian War 93 Fig. 12
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9 Arcadius and Yazdgard I 95 empero
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10 Persians and the Hephthalites 97
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11 The Sasanian monarchy 99 and bec
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12 The first Sasanian-Byzantine War
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13 The second Sasanian-Byzantine Wa
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14 The third Sasanian-Byzantine War
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30°N 10°N 14 The third Sasanian-B
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14 The third Sasanian-Byzantine War
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15 The advance of Xusrō II Parvēz
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3.5 The seventh century: Might and
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c h a p t e r 4 Diplomatic solution
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16 The peace treaty of 244 121 Fig.
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17 The peace treaty of 298 123 for
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17 The peace treaty of 298 125 who
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Euphrates Edessa Sophe - ne - Carrh
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17 The peace treaty of 298 129 Rome
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18 The peace treaty of 363 131 18:
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18 The peace treaty of 363 133 On f
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19 The peace treaty of 422 135 19:
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19 The peace treaty of 422 137 sugg
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20 The peace treaty of 562 139 the
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20 The peace treaty of 562 141 trut
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20 The peace treaty of 562 143 doub
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20 The peace treaty of 562 145 caus
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20 The peace treaty of 562 147 defe
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21 The peace treaty of 628 149 ‘T
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21 The peace treaty of 628 151 agre
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22 Hatra 153 and via Singara and Ed
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23 Palmyra 155 Hatraensians, who ha
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a 40°N b CYPRUS Arados 30°N c Gal
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23 Palmyra 159 with Persia before t
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23 Palmyra 161 However, when in 270
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24 The Arab prince Imru ulqais 163
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24 The Arab prince Imru ulqais 165
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168 5 Arabia between the great powe
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170 5 Arabia between the great powe
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Page 382: 174 6 Shared interests: Continuing
Page 432: ANAREI ( HU-CHIEH) S h a n Aksu (we
Page 436: 28 Economy and trade 201 raised by
Page 440: 28 Economy and trade 203 The conseq
Page 444: 28 Economy and trade 205 do not acc
Page 448: 28 Economy and trade 207 Byzantium
Page 452: 28 Economy and trade 209 stimulated
Page 456: 29 The Sasanian Empire 211 and Hell
Page 460: 30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
Page 464: 30 Sasanian kings and Zoroastrianis
Page 468: 31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
Page 472: 31 From Diocletian to Constantine 2
Page 476: 32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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32 Persian Christians and Yazdgard
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33 The sixth and seventh centuries
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34 Legitimate rule and the ‘famil
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40 °E 50 °E 30 °E B l a c k S e
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 245 ques
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 247 hims
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 249 lead
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 251 II.
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35 Diplomacy and espionage 253 Agat
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36 Enforced resettlement of prisone
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37 Mutual cultural interest 263 com
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37 Mutual cultural interest 265 hid
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ˇSāpūr II 309-379 Appendix 1 267
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Chronological table 269 267 Odaenat
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Chronological table 271 532 ‘Eter
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a p p e n d i x 3 Glossary amicitia
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Glossary 275 trade in the border pr
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Glossary 277 Magians (magoi) Accord
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Glossary 279 Praetorian prefect The
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Glossary 281 Vassal kings In Iran t
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Bibliography 283 (1985) ‘Der Begi
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Bibliography 285 Bier, C. (1993)
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Bibliography 287 (1989) ‘Coping w
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Bibliography 289 (1986a) ‘Argbed
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Bibliography 291 de Jong, A. (1997)
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Bibliography 293 Eadie, J. W. (1967
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Bibliography 295 (1983b) ‘Bahrain
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Bibliography 297 Göbl, R. (1974) D
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Bibliography 299 (2002a) ‘Geist i
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Bibliography 301 Humbach, H. and Sk
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Bibliography 303 Kettenhofen, E. (1
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Bibliography 305 Lerner, J. D. (199
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Bibliography 307 Maricq, A. (1955)
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Bibliography 309 Müller, C. D. G.
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Bibliography 311 Peeters, P. (1924)
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Bibliography 313 Ross, S. K. (2001)
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Bibliography 315 Sellheim, R. (1994
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Bibliography 317 Sprengling, M. (19
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Bibliography 319 (1995) ‘Conséqu
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Bibliography 321 von Wickevoort-Cro
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Bibliography 323 Wiita, J. E. (1977
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Bibliography 325 Zeimal, E. V. (199
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lxxx.3.3: 154 lxxx.3.4: 71 lxxx.4.1
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Nikephoros 22b-23b (pp. 19-20 ed. d
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v.13.7: 229 v.15.9-10: 229 viii.15.
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Index of translated sources 333 Hel
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Ablaas 222 Abdas 223, 224 Abramos 1
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Lahmid(s) 39, 48, 107, 113, 144, 16
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Aborrhas 107 Adiabēnē 15, 86, 261
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Ingilēnē 124, 126, 128, 133 Ionia
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Achaemenid Empire 1, 55, 118 Achaem
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foundations (of cities) 109, 256, 2
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silk worms (breeding of) 207 silk 1
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Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter - Kaveh Farrokh

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