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Dhungel, D.N., and A.B. Rajbhandari. 2004. IntroducingGood Governance in the Public Administration ofNepal. Kathmandu: <strong>Centre</strong> for Studies onDemocracy and Good Governance.Environment Protection Council (EPC). 1993. NepalEnvironmental Policies and Action Plan. Kathmandu.Eugine, T. 2004. Environmental Economics. Delhi: VrindaPublications.His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG). 1990. TheConstitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990, Article 26,Directives for Environmental Protection.Kathmandu.Khadka, N.B. 2002. Resources Conservations andManagement. Kathmandu: Buddha AcademicPublisher and Distributors.Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC). 1967.Food Act 1967, with amendments in 1973, 1991 and1992. Kathmandu.Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MOTCA).1996. Tourism Policy 1995. Kathmandu.Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (MOFSC). 1973.The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act1973, amended 1993. Kathmandu.———.1993a. Community Forestry Programs—1993.Kathmandu.———.1993b. Forest Act 1993. Kathmandu.———.1996. Buffer Zone Management Regulations 1996.Kathmandu.———.2002. Nepal Biodiversity Strategy. Kathmandu.Ministry of Industry (MOI). 1992. The Industrial Policy 1992.Kathmandu.Ministry of Law and Justice (MOLJ). 1999. Local Self-Governance Act 2055 (1999). Kathmandu.Ministry of Local Development (MOLD). 1996. The NationalSolid Waste Management Policy 1996. Kathmandu.Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MOPPW). 1999.Environmental Management. Kathmandu.Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE). 1996.Environment Protection Act 1996. Kathmandu.———.1997. Environment Protection Regulations 1997.Kathmandu.———.2000. State of The Environment. Kathmandu.———.2002. Enabling Activities for the Preparation of theInitial Communication Related to UNFCCC.Kathmandu.Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE) andEnvironment Sector Programme Support (ESPS).2003. Final Report on Review of the Urban andIndustrial Environmental Legislations of Nepal.Kathmandu.Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE), SouthAsia Co-operative Environment Programme(SACEP), United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), and Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD). 1999.“Environment Laws and Management.” Report ofthe National Workshop, His Majesty’s Government ofNepal, Ministry of Population and Environment,Kathmandu.Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR). 1993. IrrigationPolicy. Kathmandu.———.2001. Hydro Power Development Policy 2001.Kathmandu.National Planning Commission (NPC). 1992. Eighth Plan(1992–1997), Part 1, 3, and 4. Kathmandu.———.1997. Ninth Plan (1997–2002), Chapter 1, 2, 6, 9, 10,15. Kathmandu.———.2002. Tenth Plan (2002–2007), Chapter 2, and 22.Kathmandu.———.2003. The Sustainable Development Agenda forNepal. Kathmandu.National Planning Commission (NPC) and The WorldConservation Union (IUCN). 1991. A Legislative andInstitutional Framework For Environment andManagement in Nepal. Kathmandu. His Majesty’sGovernment of Nepal, National PlanningCommission.Pandey, G.N.1998. Environmental Management. NewDelhi: Bikash Publishing House .South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme(SACEP), Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD), andUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).2000. “State of Environment Asia 2000.” Draft Report,South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme,Colombo.Shinghe, M.M. and W. Cruz. 1995. “Economywide Policiesand the Environment.” ‘World Bank EnvironmentPaper No. 10. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Sijapati, B.S. 2004 (2060 B.S.). Environmental Protection,Law and Justice. Kathmandu: Nepal Asmita BooksPublisher and DistributorsUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 1997.Human Development Report: South Asia. Chapter-IV.Available:http://hdr.undp.org/reports/detail_reports.cfm?view=100United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), SouthAsia Co-operative Environment Programme(SACEP), and Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD).2001. Hand<strong>book</strong> on National EnvironmentalLegislation and Institution in Nepal. Colombo: SouthAsia Co-operative Environment Programme.Uprety, B.K. 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment,Process and Practice. Kathmandu: ShikharSamundra Offset.Water and Energry Commission Secretariat (WECS). 2002.Water Resources Strategy Nepal. Kathmandu.———.2004. National Water Plan (2002–2027).Kathmandu.136 Environment Assessment of Nepal : Emerging Issues and Challenges
Appendix 9.1: Environmental Standards Developed by Different PublicSector Agencies in NepalStandards related to air quality are presented in Chapter 7, Appendix 7.1.Table A9.1.1: Generic Standard s: Tolerance Limit s for Industrial (Wastewater) Effluents Discharged into InlandSurface Waters and Public SewersTolerance LimitSerialNumberParameterIndustrial Waste intoInland SurfaceWatersWastewater intoInland SurfaceWaters from CWTP aIndustrial Effluentsinto Public Sewers b1 TSS, mg/l 30–200 50 6002 Particle size of TSS Shall pass 850 -micron Shall pass 850 -micronsievesieve3 pH Value 5.5–9.0 5.5–9.0 5.5–9.04 Temperature 0 C c < 40 < 40
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About the OrganisationsAsian Develo
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© 2006 International Centre for In
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AcknowledgementsWe would like to ex
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PM2.5PAHRSSAARCSACEPSEASO 2TSPUKUND
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Chapter 6: Energy Resources 65Intro
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List of FiguresFigure 2.1: People a
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Table 6.1: Energy Consumption and P
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forests are also used for infrastru
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as data gathered by different agenc
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Table 2.1: Population Growth Rates
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mortality rates for rural and urban
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Agglomeration village in the centra
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soil erosion, and depletion of wate
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provision remains inadequate becaus
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Malnutrition remains a serious obst
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Table 2.24: Existing and Projected
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Table 2.28: Income Poverty Indicato
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Table 2.31: Change in Employment St
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In 2004, the average annual househo
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Mountain areas have the most food i
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Schaffner, U. 1987. “Road Constru
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Table 3.1: Agricultural Economic De
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Table 3.4: Estimated Soil Erosion R
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B. PradhanImpacts of land degradati
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Carson, B. 1985. “Erosion and Sed
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The trend of forest coverage in the
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BiodiversityState of BiodiversityNe
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The Government has given legal prot
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Different ways of maintaining biodi
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———.2004. State of the Enviro
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Appendix 4.1: Table continuedMajor
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Appendix 4.2: Protected Plant and W
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Table A4.2.3: Nepal's Share in Plan
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to intense weathering, and percolat
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Table 5.5: Water Supply and Water T
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Table 5.9: Water Quality of Shallow
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species are reported to be endanger
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Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR).
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Definition, Forms, and UnitsEnergy
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Table 6.5: Hydropower PotentialRive
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Chilime Hydroelectric Project: An E
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load occurs from 6 pm to 9 pm with
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assessment of wind energy and lack
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Review of Dams and Development by t
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IUCNElizabeth Khaka, UNEP-NairobiRu
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therefore reflect the three guiding
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is a seasonal dust storm. Anthropog
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Figure 7.3: Average Air Quality, Ja
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Page 102 and 103: Figure: 7.9: Vehicle Registered in
Page 104 and 105: Brick Kilnchlorofluorocarbons (HCFC
Page 106 and 107: Climate ChangeA region’s climate
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.14: Mean Annual Precipitat
Page 110 and 111: Table 7.3: National Ambient Air Qua
Page 112 and 113: India. Available: http://www.cleana
Page 114 and 115: ———.1999. “Ambient Air Qual
Page 116 and 117: Appendix 7.1: World Health Organiza
Page 118 and 119: Table 8.1: Criteria for Urban Statu
Page 120 and 121: accommodate the rapidly increasing
Page 122 and 123: managing solid waste. They are part
Page 124 and 125: In most municipalities, hazardous w
Page 126 and 127: in worsening public health conditio
Page 128 and 129: objects of archaeological, historic
Page 130 and 131: Min BajracharyaB. PradhanVehicles a
Page 132 and 133: Department of Health Services (DOHS
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 describes the major highl
Page 136 and 137: the period to up 2017. The document
Page 138 and 139: earthquakes; and awareness raising
Page 140 and 141: Sub-regional LinkagesOther developi
Page 142 and 143: Figure 9.1: The Key Environmental I
Page 144 and 145: (iv)(v)(vi)plants, and other non-ti
Page 146 and 147: environmental governance can be bet
Page 148 and 149: can vary considerably. Both sides h
Page 152 and 153: Table A9.1.2: Industry-Specific Tol
Page 154 and 155: . Cultural Heritage8. Convention fo
Page 156 and 157: Appendix 9.3: Some Prominent Enviro
Page 158 and 159: Some funding arrangements made by t
Page 160 and 161: (NARDF 2004) for a period of 1 to 3
Page 162 and 163: Table 10.2: Annual Income and Expen
Page 164 and 165: Table 10.4: Users’ Share in Benef
Page 166 and 167: From Hands Around Everest bookFrom
Page 168 and 169: Table 10.8: Subsidy Rate for Biogas
Page 170 and 171: microorganism communities and the n
Page 172 and 173: subsidies (Mason 1996). All these a
Page 174 and 175: addressed only part of the problem.
Page 176 and 177: historical practice of community-ma
Page 178 and 179: moved or relocated. The fact that s
Page 180 and 181: Kathmandu Valley and receives a lar
Page 182 and 183: cooperative ventures provided neith
Page 184 and 185: further poaching has not been repor
Page 186 and 187: http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/
Page 188 and 189: United Nations. 2003. World Populat
Page 190 and 191: how other countries with substantia
Page 192 and 193: (i) Broad-based and sustainable eco
Page 194 and 195: Although progress is encouraging, m
Page 196 and 197: Nepal’s Changing Pattern of Trade
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.2: Trade/ GDP RatiosFY1981
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Table 12.5: Percentage Share of Maj
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well as other provisions in specifi
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Future Implications for NepalIncrea
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International Trade Forum (ITN). 20
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- Gross domestic product per unit e
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Time Series InformationGenerally tw
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Table 13.1a: Different Datasets Col
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elevant due to its multidisciplinar
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Figure 13.6: Examples of Applicatio
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Judith DobmannThere are many source
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———.2003. Mapping Nepal Censu
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sustainable livelihoods requires an
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and haphazard. Population pressures
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issue. These deficiencies stem from
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population must be assessed. MOEST
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Appendix 14.1: List of Key Environm
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(vii) The EIA report approving agen
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty a
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Nepal’s Progress Towards the MDGs
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Goal 4: Reduce child mortalityReduc
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