ADB_book_18 April.qxp - Himalayan Document Centre - icimod

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About the OrganisationsAsian Development BankThe Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s work is aimed at improving the welfare of the people of the Asiaand Pacific region, particularly for the 1.9 billion who live on less than $2 a day. Despite the success stories, Asiaand Pacific remains home to two thirds of the world’s poor.ADB is a multilateral development finance institution owned by 64 members, 46 from the region and 18from other parts of the globe. ADB’s vision is a region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developingmember countries reduce poverty and improve their quality of life.ADB’s main instruments in providing help to its developing member countries are policy dialogues, loans,technical assistance, grants, guarantees, and equity investments. ADB’s annual lending volume is typically about$6 billion, with technical assistance provided usually totaling about $180 million a year.ADB’s headquarters is in Manila. It has 26 offices around the world. The organization has more than 2,000employees from over 50 countries.International Centre for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentThe International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) is an independent ‘MountainLearning and Knowledge Centre’ serving the eight countries of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas – Afghanistan,Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan – and the global mountain community.Founded in 1983, ICIMOD is based in Kathmandu, Nepal, and brings together a partnership of regional membercountries, partner institutions, and donors with a commitment for development action to secure a better futurefor the people and environment of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas. ICIMOD’s activities are supported by its coreprogramme donors: the Governments of Austria, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and itsregional member countries, along with over thirty project co-financing donors. The primary objective of theCentre is to promote the development of an economically and environmentally sound mountain ecosystem andto improve the living standards of mountain populations.
EnvironmentAssessment of NepalEmerging Issues and ChallengesInternational Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Page 4 and 5: © 2006 International Centre for In
Page 6 and 7: AcknowledgementsWe would like to ex
Page 8 and 9: PM2.5PAHRSSAARCSACEPSEASO 2TSPUKUND
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 6: Energy Resources 65Intro
Page 12 and 13: List of FiguresFigure 2.1: People a
Page 14 and 15: Table 6.1: Energy Consumption and P
Page 16 and 17: forests are also used for infrastru
Page 18 and 19: as data gathered by different agenc
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1: Population Growth Rates
Page 22 and 23: mortality rates for rural and urban
Page 24 and 25: Agglomeration village in the centra
Page 26 and 27: soil erosion, and depletion of wate
Page 30 and 31: provision remains inadequate becaus
Page 32 and 33: Malnutrition remains a serious obst
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.24: Existing and Projected
Page 36 and 37: Table 2.28: Income Poverty Indicato
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.31: Change in Employment St
Page 40 and 41: In 2004, the average annual househo
Page 42 and 43: Mountain areas have the most food i
Page 44 and 45: Schaffner, U. 1987. “Road Constru
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.1: Agricultural Economic De
Page 48 and 49: Table 3.4: Estimated Soil Erosion R
Page 50 and 51: B. PradhanImpacts of land degradati
Page 52 and 53:
Carson, B. 1985. “Erosion and Sed
Page 54 and 55:
The trend of forest coverage in the
Page 56 and 57:
BiodiversityState of BiodiversityNe
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The Government has given legal prot
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Different ways of maintaining biodi
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———.2004. State of the Enviro
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Appendix 4.1: Table continuedMajor
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Appendix 4.2: Protected Plant and W
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Table A4.2.3: Nepal's Share in Plan
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to intense weathering, and percolat
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Table 5.5: Water Supply and Water T
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Table 5.9: Water Quality of Shallow
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species are reported to be endanger
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Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR).
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Definition, Forms, and UnitsEnergy
Page 82 and 83:
Table 6.5: Hydropower PotentialRive
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Chilime Hydroelectric Project: An E
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load occurs from 6 pm to 9 pm with
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assessment of wind energy and lack
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Review of Dams and Development by t
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IUCNElizabeth Khaka, UNEP-NairobiRu
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therefore reflect the three guiding
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is a seasonal dust storm. Anthropog
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Figure 7.3: Average Air Quality, Ja
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matter, hydrocarbons, and NO x (Nae
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Figure: 7.9: Vehicle Registered in
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Brick Kilnchlorofluorocarbons (HCFC
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Climate ChangeA region’s climate
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Figure 7.14: Mean Annual Precipitat
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Table 7.3: National Ambient Air Qua
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India. Available: http://www.cleana
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———.1999. “Ambient Air Qual
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Appendix 7.1: World Health Organiza
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Table 8.1: Criteria for Urban Statu
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accommodate the rapidly increasing
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managing solid waste. They are part
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In most municipalities, hazardous w
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in worsening public health conditio
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objects of archaeological, historic
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Min BajracharyaB. PradhanVehicles a
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Department of Health Services (DOHS
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Table 9.1 describes the major highl
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the period to up 2017. The document
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earthquakes; and awareness raising
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Sub-regional LinkagesOther developi
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Figure 9.1: The Key Environmental I
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(iv)(v)(vi)plants, and other non-ti
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environmental governance can be bet
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can vary considerably. Both sides h
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Dhungel, D.N., and A.B. Rajbhandari
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Table A9.1.2: Industry-Specific Tol
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. Cultural Heritage8. Convention fo
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Appendix 9.3: Some Prominent Enviro
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Some funding arrangements made by t
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(NARDF 2004) for a period of 1 to 3
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Table 10.2: Annual Income and Expen
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Table 10.4: Users’ Share in Benef
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From Hands Around Everest bookFrom
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Table 10.8: Subsidy Rate for Biogas
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microorganism communities and the n
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subsidies (Mason 1996). All these a
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addressed only part of the problem.
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historical practice of community-ma
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moved or relocated. The fact that s
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Kathmandu Valley and receives a lar
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cooperative ventures provided neith
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further poaching has not been repor
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http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/
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United Nations. 2003. World Populat
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how other countries with substantia
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(i) Broad-based and sustainable eco
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Although progress is encouraging, m
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Nepal’s Changing Pattern of Trade
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Table 12.2: Trade/ GDP RatiosFY1981
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Table 12.5: Percentage Share of Maj
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well as other provisions in specifi
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Future Implications for NepalIncrea
Page 206 and 207:
International Trade Forum (ITN). 20
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- Gross domestic product per unit e
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Time Series InformationGenerally tw
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Table 13.1a: Different Datasets Col
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elevant due to its multidisciplinar
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Figure 13.6: Examples of Applicatio
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Judith DobmannThere are many source
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———.2003. Mapping Nepal Censu
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sustainable livelihoods requires an
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and haphazard. Population pressures
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issue. These deficiencies stem from
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population must be assessed. MOEST
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Appendix 14.1: List of Key Environm
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(vii) The EIA report approving agen
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty a
Page 236 and 237:
Nepal’s Progress Towards the MDGs
Page 238 and 239:
Goal 4: Reduce child mortalityReduc
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ADB_book_18 April.qxp - Himalayan Document Centre - icimod

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