ADB_book_18 April.qxp - Himalayan Document Centre - icimod

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Judith DobmannThere are many sources of environmental information: clockwise from top-weather station; demographics;measuring water flowZbigniew Mikolajuk Gopal Nakarmi204 Environment Assessment of Nepal : Emerging Issues and Challenges
(vi) Many environmental issues such as loss ofbiodiversity, glacier melting, soil erosion, airpollution, and flooding transcend nationalboundaries. It is also necessary to strengthen asense of collective ownership and responsibilityfor the environmental challenges facedat the regional/global level. There is a need topursue effective measures of regionalcooperation and to establish a regionalnetwork for effective sharing and exchange ofenvironmental information.Unless there is a strong political will and goodgovernance, these challenges are unlikely to be met.For this, policymakers, user communities, and dataproducers need to be more aware of the benefits.Tackling problems related to environmental data andinformation requires establishing an environmentand natural resources information network tofacilitate the exchange of information and strengthenappropriate policymaking capacities. A unifiedrepository would collect all relevant databases withthe participation of government, nongovernment andacademic institutions, the private sector, and otherstakeholders. Such a network, which would integratedata and information from decentralized providersand make them available to a multitude of users, isan important concept, and doubtless a useful one,but needs to be strictly managed to make it viable.There are several needs related to this.(i) Initially, existing structures need to be assessedand the capacity of the different sectoralagencies reinforced to allow them to generateand analyze multisectoral environmental andnatural resources data and information moreeasily.(ii) Sectoral agencies need to be coordinated sothat the data and information collected aresystematic and conform to a consistentinformation structure that ensures quality andreliability.(iii)Socioeconomic and other sectoral data andinformation can then be harvested to derivepolicy-relevant, aggregated indicators for majorenvironmental issues at the local and nationallevels.(iv) An integrated environmental decision-supportsystem focusing on priority environmentalissues can then be developed to bring togetherexisting knowledge and help facilitateassessments, trends, and projections in thearea of environmental protection.(v) To maximize its usefulness, Nepal’s centralrepository of information would then need tobe networked and linked with differentregional and international agencies and withother well-developed and managedinformation bases dealing with similar types ofinformation.BibliographyAsian Development Bank (ADB). 2004. TechnicalAssistance Completion Report on Strengthening theNational Statistical System. Kathmandu.Bajracharya B. 2000. “Development of Geo-InformationInfrastructure: Issues in the Hindu Kush- Himalayas.”Issues in Mountain Development 2/2000.Kathmandu: International Centre for IntegreatedMountain Development.Bajracharya, B. 2005. “Hazard Mapping of SagarmathaNational Park.” Draft Report. International Centre forIntegrated Mountain Development, MountainEnvironment and Natural Resources InformationSystem (MENRIS), Kathmandu.Maclaren, V., M. Campbell, and W. Dickinson. 1994.Municipal State of the Environment Reporting inCanada: Current Status and Future Needs. Ottawa:State of the Environment Reporting.Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 2004. Handbook ofEnvironment Statistics 2003. Kathmandu.Environmental Portal of United Nations EnvironmentProgramme/GRID–Arendal.Available:http://www.grida.no/products.cfm?pageID=7Ester, J., I. Lawless, and D.W. Mooneyhan, eds. 1994.“International Symposium on Core Data Needs forEnvironment Assessment and SustainableDevelopment Strategies,” (Vol. I and II), UnitedNations Environment Programme (UNEP) andUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP),Bangkok, Thailand, November 15–18.Geo-Data Portal of United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, Global Environment Outlook. Available:http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD). 1996. Climatic and Hydrological Atlas ofNepal. Kathmandu: His Majesty’s Government ofNepal, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology,and International Centre for Integrated MountainDevelopment.Chapter 13: Environmental Information, Analysis, and Integration205
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About the OrganisationsAsian Develo
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© 2006 International Centre for In
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AcknowledgementsWe would like to ex
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PM2.5PAHRSSAARCSACEPSEASO 2TSPUKUND
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Chapter 6: Energy Resources 65Intro
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List of FiguresFigure 2.1: People a
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Table 6.1: Energy Consumption and P
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forests are also used for infrastru
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as data gathered by different agenc
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Table 2.1: Population Growth Rates
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mortality rates for rural and urban
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Agglomeration village in the centra
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soil erosion, and depletion of wate
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provision remains inadequate becaus
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Malnutrition remains a serious obst
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Table 2.24: Existing and Projected
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Table 2.28: Income Poverty Indicato
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Table 2.31: Change in Employment St
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In 2004, the average annual househo
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Mountain areas have the most food i
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Schaffner, U. 1987. “Road Constru
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Table 3.1: Agricultural Economic De
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Table 3.4: Estimated Soil Erosion R
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B. PradhanImpacts of land degradati
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Carson, B. 1985. “Erosion and Sed
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The trend of forest coverage in the
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BiodiversityState of BiodiversityNe
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The Government has given legal prot
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Different ways of maintaining biodi
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———.2004. State of the Enviro
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Appendix 4.1: Table continuedMajor
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Appendix 4.2: Protected Plant and W
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Table A4.2.3: Nepal's Share in Plan
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to intense weathering, and percolat
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Table 5.5: Water Supply and Water T
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Table 5.9: Water Quality of Shallow
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species are reported to be endanger
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Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR).
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Definition, Forms, and UnitsEnergy
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Table 6.5: Hydropower PotentialRive
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Chilime Hydroelectric Project: An E
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load occurs from 6 pm to 9 pm with
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assessment of wind energy and lack
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Review of Dams and Development by t
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IUCNElizabeth Khaka, UNEP-NairobiRu
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therefore reflect the three guiding
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is a seasonal dust storm. Anthropog
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Figure 7.3: Average Air Quality, Ja
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matter, hydrocarbons, and NO x (Nae
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Figure: 7.9: Vehicle Registered in
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Brick Kilnchlorofluorocarbons (HCFC
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Climate ChangeA region’s climate
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Figure 7.14: Mean Annual Precipitat
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Table 7.3: National Ambient Air Qua
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India. Available: http://www.cleana
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———.1999. “Ambient Air Qual
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Appendix 7.1: World Health Organiza
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Table 8.1: Criteria for Urban Statu
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accommodate the rapidly increasing
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managing solid waste. They are part
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In most municipalities, hazardous w
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in worsening public health conditio
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objects of archaeological, historic
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Min BajracharyaB. PradhanVehicles a
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Department of Health Services (DOHS
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Table 9.1 describes the major highl
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the period to up 2017. The document
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earthquakes; and awareness raising
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Sub-regional LinkagesOther developi
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Figure 9.1: The Key Environmental I
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(iv)(v)(vi)plants, and other non-ti
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environmental governance can be bet
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can vary considerably. Both sides h
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Dhungel, D.N., and A.B. Rajbhandari
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Table A9.1.2: Industry-Specific Tol
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. Cultural Heritage8. Convention fo
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Appendix 9.3: Some Prominent Enviro
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Some funding arrangements made by t
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(NARDF 2004) for a period of 1 to 3
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Table 10.2: Annual Income and Expen
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Table 10.4: Users’ Share in Benef
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From Hands Around Everest bookFrom
Page 168 and 169: Table 10.8: Subsidy Rate for Biogas
Page 170 and 171: microorganism communities and the n
Page 172 and 173: subsidies (Mason 1996). All these a
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Page 176 and 177: historical practice of community-ma
Page 178 and 179: moved or relocated. The fact that s
Page 180 and 181: Kathmandu Valley and receives a lar
Page 182 and 183: cooperative ventures provided neith
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Page 186 and 187: http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/
Page 188 and 189: United Nations. 2003. World Populat
Page 190 and 191: how other countries with substantia
Page 192 and 193: (i) Broad-based and sustainable eco
Page 194 and 195: Although progress is encouraging, m
Page 196 and 197: Nepal’s Changing Pattern of Trade
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.2: Trade/ GDP RatiosFY1981
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.5: Percentage Share of Maj
Page 202 and 203: well as other provisions in specifi
Page 204 and 205: Future Implications for NepalIncrea
Page 206 and 207: International Trade Forum (ITN). 20
Page 208 and 209: - Gross domestic product per unit e
Page 210 and 211: Time Series InformationGenerally tw
Page 212 and 213: Table 13.1a: Different Datasets Col
Page 214 and 215: elevant due to its multidisciplinar
Page 216 and 217: Figure 13.6: Examples of Applicatio
Page 220 and 221: ———.2003. Mapping Nepal Censu
Page 222 and 223: sustainable livelihoods requires an
Page 224 and 225: and haphazard. Population pressures
Page 226 and 227: issue. These deficiencies stem from
Page 228 and 229: population must be assessed. MOEST
Page 230 and 231: Appendix 14.1: List of Key Environm
Page 232 and 233: (vii) The EIA report approving agen
Page 234 and 235: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty a
Page 236 and 237: Nepal’s Progress Towards the MDGs
Page 238 and 239: Goal 4: Reduce child mortalityReduc
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