ADB_book_18 April.qxp - Himalayan Document Centre - icimod

Table 6.2: Energy Consumption Pattern by Source 1993/94 –2002/03Energy Consumed (‘000 toe)Percentage of Energy ConsumedYear Traditional Commercial Other Total Traditional Commercial Other Total1993/94 5,933 483 6 6,422 92.4 7.5 0.1 1001994/95 6,059 582 8 6,649 91.1 8.8 0.1 1001995/96 6,185 651 11 6,847 90.3 9.5 0.2 1001996/97 6,268 691 15 6,974 89.9 9.9 0.2 1001997/98 6,403 769 21 7,193 89.0 10.7 0.3 1001998/99 6,540 811 25 7,376 88.7 11.0 0.3 1001999/00 6,681 1,044 29 7,754 86.1 13.5 0.4 1002000/01 6,824 1,095 34 7,953 85.8 13.8 0.4 1002001/02 6,996 1,169 39 8,204 85.3 14.2 0.5 1002002/03 7,240 1,003 39 8,282 87.4 12.1 0.5 100toe = tons of oil equivalentSource: MoF (2003)Table 6.3: Energy Consumption by Sector ( ‘000 GJ)Sector 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Residential 254,853 260,951 267,542 274,341 281,533 287,815 295,159 301,143 314,655 320,268Industrial 9,231 11,084 11,771 6,417 6,921 7,522 15,717 12,998 12,537 11,969Commercial 2,206 2,558 2,840 3,179 2,919 3,215 3,708 4,128 4,921 4,081Transport 6,682 7,839 8,721 11,942 13,546 14,849 12,798 13,592 12,025 13,850Agricultural 535 640 690 966 1,099 711 2,968 3,152 2,776 2,888Other 206 243 262 293 322 342 355 409 454 484Total 273,712 283,315 291,827 297,139 306,339 314,454 330,706 335,421 347,369 353,541GJ = gigajoulesSource: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu, 2005. Unpublished data file.Table 6.4: Share of Energy Consumption by SectorSector1994 2003% %Residential 93.1 90.6Industrial 3.4 3.4Commercial 0.8 1.2Transport 2.4 3.9Agricultural 0.2 0.8Other 0.1 0.1Total 100.0 100.0Source: Water and Energy Com mission Secretariat, Kathmandu , 2005.Unpublished data file.rural Nepal is burning in traditional cooking stoves oropen fires. This is very inefficient, as most of the heatgenerated is lost. It is possible to increase theefficiency by introducing better technologies such asimproved cooking stoves.HydropowerNepal is rich in water resources. The gradientprovided by the mountain topography, monsoon rain,and Himalayan-fed rivers offer great potential forhydropower development (Tables 6.5 and 6.6). Thehydropower potential in Nepal is estimated to be83,000 megawatts (MW), of which 42,000 MW iseconomically feasible at present. A substantialproportion of the potential is based on reservoirprojects.The National Water Plan (2002–2027) estimatesthat the maximum domestic demand for power by2027 will be less than 7,000 MW even under a highgrowthscenario—this is only about 17% of theeconomically feasible potential. This indicates thatNepal will have substantial surplus potential for theforeseeable future, and in theory the surplus couldbe exported to neighboring countries, particularly toIndia and Bangladesh where there are energyshortages.Nepal has been keen to encourage hydropowerdevelopment. The Water Resources ACT 1992,Hydropower Development Policy 1992 and 2001,Electricity Act 1992, and Environment Protection Act1996 are milestones in this direction. However,despite the great potential and the Government’semphasis on developing hydropower, theChapter 6: Energy Resources67