ADB_book_18 April.qxp - Himalayan Document Centre - icimod

Appendix 4.1: Table continuedMajor EcosystemsRegionNumber Sub-region Ecosystem TypeMiddle HillsCollinean Central Region Hygrophytic Quercus lamellosa forest(cont.)Collinean Eastern Region Hygrophile forest with Quercus lamelloseHygrophile forest with Castanopsis tribuloidesMesohygrophile forest with Quercus glaucaMesohygrophile forest with Quercus lanata and Pinus excelsaSub-Tropical Eastern Eugenia tetragona , Ostodes paniculata forestRegionUpper Sub-tropical Mixed chir pine - oak forest ( Pinus roxburghii , QuercusWestern Region leucotrichophora )Quercus glauca , Alnus nepalensis , Betula alnoides riverine forestOpen Olea cuspidata forestSub-tropical mixed broadleaved forestQuercus incana and Schima wallichii forestUpper Sub-tropical Hygrophytic Schima wallichii , Castanopsis tribuloides forestCentral RegionMountains 38 + 1 = 19Upper Sub-tropicalEastern RegionUpper and Lower Sub -tropical Western RegionUpper and Lower Sub -tropical Central RegionUpper and Lower Sub -tropical Eastern RegionOtherNival levelUpper Alpine L evelLower Alpine LevelUpper Sub-Alpine LevelWestern RegionUpper Sub-Alpine LevelCentral RegionCastanopis tribuloides forest with Schima wallichii ..Castanopsis hystrix forest with C. tribuloides ..Alnus nepalensis forestChir-pine forest with grasses and EngelhardriaMixed chir pine broadleaved forestAlnus nepalensis riverine forestEuphorbia royleana steppe in inner valleysGrasses - Artemesia steppeHygrophytic Schima wallichii forestSchima wallichii , Castanopsis indica hygrophile forestSchima wallichii , Pinus roxburghii mesohygrophile forestPinus roxburghii xerophile forest with Phyllanthus emblicaSchima wallichii , Lagerstroemia parviflora hygrophile forestPokhara cultivated areasWater bodiesGlaciers, snow, rockAlpine meadow with Gramineae and CyperaceaXerophytic mat patches , scarcely vegetated rocks , and screeMesophytic mat patches , scarcely vegetated rocks , and screeMesophytic and hydrophytic mat patches and scarcely vegetatedrocksAlpine meadows on the southern side of the Himalaya sDry alpine vegetati on on the northern side of the HimalayasHigh altitude discontinuous vegetation cushion plantsMeadows and mat patchesScarcely vegetated rocks and scree of upper alpine levelMeadows and land communitiesRhododendron mesohygrophyti c scrublands -Juniperus ... meadowsRhododendron mesohygrophytic scrublands ( R. anthopogon , R.nivale ...)Juniper mesohygrophytic scrublands ( J. indica, R. recurva, J.squamata)Xerophytic closed alpine mat and scrubMesophytic closed alpine mat and scrubShrub lands with patches of abundant Rhododendron anthopogon,R. nivaleMesophytic closed sub -alpine mat and scrub ( R. anthopogon )Rhododendron -birch forest ( Betula utilis, R. campanulatum )Birch-blue pine open fore stNorth Himalayan alpine vegetationContinued on next page50 Environment Assessment of Nepal : Emerging Issues and Challenges