Environmental Statement volume 4 - Chiltern Evergreen3

• cumulatively significant effects which result from the combination ofindividually non-significant effects between different topics at a specific location.Scheme-wide effects comprise:• effects which are individually significant at a scheme-wide or regional level, butwhich are unlikely to be significant locally;• effects which are cumulatively significant at a project-wide or regional levelbecause of the aggregation of significant site-specific effects within an individualtopic; and• site-specific effects, or combination of effects, of particular importance.2.3.5 In identifying significant effects, the EIA will take into their nature and duration, asfollows.• Positive effects. Effects that have a beneficial influence on receptors andresources.• Negative effects. Effects that have an adverse influence on receptors orresources.• Temporary effects. Effects that persist for a limited period only, due forexample to particular construction activities (eg noise from construction plant).Where possible, the likely duration of effects will be identified.• Permanent effects. Effects, which result from an irreversible change to thebaseline environment (eg land take) or which persist for the foreseeable future(eg noise from operation).• Direct effects. Effects that arise from the impact of activities that form anintegral part of the project (eg new infrastructure).• Indirect effects. Effects that arise from the impact of activities not explicitlyforming part of the project (eg increased road traffic at Park and Ride sites).• Secondary effects. Effects that arise as a result of an initial effect of the scheme(eg reduced amenity of a community facility as a result of construction noise).• Cumulative effects. Those which arise from the combination of different effectsat a specific location, the recurrence of effects of the same type at differentlocations and the interaction of different effects over time.ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT13CHILTERN RAILWAYS LTD