Seattle University Collaborative Projects - International Academy of ...

A thorough review of the empirical evidence supporting the Risk-Need-Responsivity Modelsuggests that the formula needs to be revised to incorporate new empirical evidence and theconcept of desistance. This paper will review a third generation of RNR models with a focus ondesistance. The paper reviews the empirical literature on offender change which notes thatoffender outcomes may be a product of stabilizers in a person's life which serve to preventcriminal offending. Stabilizers are factors that promote stabilization and include family relations,employment, housing, mental health status, and other factors that are supportive of a positivebehaviors. Destabilizers such as substance abuse, mental health illnessness, periods ofunemployment, residence in a crime "hot spot", and other factors should be used to identifyhigher structured interventions. The new model advances a focus on responsivity by focusing ontemporal factors that can be altered to promote a prosocial lifestyle. Empirical models will beprovided to demonstrate the new models.The Phenomenology of Addiction and the Artifact of Criminal BehaviorDavid Polizzi, Indiana State University (david.polizzi@indstate.edu)The relationship between drug use and criminality has become a well established fact over thelast four decades in American society. The “war on drugs” sought to eradicate the illegal sale anduse of drugs through the enactment of stiffer penalties for drug-related offenses in the belief thatsuch governmental action would effectively deter subsequent involvement in the “drug lifestyle.”Perhaps the most glaring omission of this response is the lack of recognition that the adjudicationand criminalization of addiction will have little to no deterrent effect on the continued use ofillegal substances given the complexity and psychological specificity of the phenomenology ofthe addictive process. This paper explores the complex nuances that are present within thephenomenology of addiction. Implications for law enforcement strategies in responding to thephenomenology of addiction and fundamental structure of the addictive process are discussed.The Media Construction of Mental Illness in Offenders Perpetrating Extremist& Terroristic Violence in AmericaWilliam Parkin, Seattle University (parkinws@gmail.com)Jeffrey Gruenewald, University of Arkansas (jgruenew@uark.edu)Through the utilization of content and theme analyses, this study examines the media andjournalistic accounts of terroristic and extremist violence in the United States, specificallyfocusing on the discussion and presentation, if any, of an offender’s mental state prior to and atthe time of the act. Data from the Extremist Crime Database is used to examine open-sourcedocumentation related to violent, ideologically motivated extremist incidents that occurred in theUnited States between 1990 and 2010 by the far-right, Jihadists, and environmental and animal392