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access are, arguably, not as well-facilitated as they might be with the inclusion of supportiveparenting programs. Incorporating available feedback from one “supportive supervised access”pilot program that will be offered over the next twelve months by a Toronto-based supervisedaccess program, I propose to discuss the therapeutic benefits of supportive supervised access tochildren and parents, and to explore the countervailing rationales for not having such servicesincorporated as an ongoing element of supervised access services.Stopping Psychological Child Abuse with Proper Court OrdersJoan T. Kloth-Zanard, PAS Intervention, Southbury, USA (PASIntervention@aol.com)Parental Alienation is a form of psychological abuse where one person impedes the relationshipbetween children and parent. Stuck in the anger stage of grief, they cannot move forward. Theyhave no understanding that their emotions are theirs and not those of others. I call it BorderlessBoundaries.Courts and counselors do not understand PAS enough to apply proper prevention andintervention protocols. Inadvertently ordering counseling for the targeted parent and children,but forgetting the aggressor needs counseling or the children will continue to be barraged.Inclusion of Therapeutic Jurisprudence in PAS cases would enable healing and help families tomove forward in a positive healthy way. If issues of grief and anger are worked through, thechildren would not be affected, thus not need counseling. Key is for unilateral inclusion ofcounseling for parents and orders for therapists to report back to courts on counseling progress.If a parent is not working as evidenced in behaviors or denial of access, then penalties must be inplace to ensure cooperation. Adding these steps results in less trauma/damages, with the cost ofdivorce dropping dramatically. Best of all, we might not need to see the children in counseling.Legitimacy Challenges in Child Protection: Comparative Observations betweenSweden and AustraliaPernilla Leviner, Faculty of Law, Stockholm University (pernilla.leviner@juridicum.su.se)Most developed countries have a system for child protection which also is a responsibilityaccording to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Encompassed in that of protectingchildren from abuse and neglect is a balancing act between children’s rights to protection andparent’s right to private- and family life. The assessment of what situations are to be consideredharmful and therefore a risk for a child’s health and development is complex and requiresknowledge from other fields of science such as medicine, behavioural science and social work.In that sense child protection entails a meeting between the law and other sciences. In this paperlegal aspects of child protection are discussed by taking the Swedish system as an example, butalso by contrasting this system with the one in place in Victoria, Australia. Both systems have502