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The Book of Tells (Peter Collett)[unlocked]

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THE BOOK OF TELLS<br />

you started talking. <strong>The</strong> third way is by producing 'negative<br />

back-channel'. Instead <strong>of</strong> supporting the speaker with<br />

'back-channel signals', you can try to persuade the<br />

speaker to give up the floor by sighing, looking away, or<br />

impatiently nodding your head - in other words, doing<br />

things that are designed to discourage the speaker from<br />

continuing. Finally, you can always try to take the floor by<br />

interrupting the speaker. Interruptions occur when two<br />

people are talking at the same time, but not all cases <strong>of</strong><br />

simultaneous talk count as interruptions. <strong>The</strong>re are three<br />

kinds <strong>of</strong> overlap talk:<br />

• SUPPORTING. This occurs when the listener makes a<br />

positive remark while the other person is talking. For<br />

example, while the other person is talking the listener<br />

might say, 'I completely agree with you'. Although this<br />

interjection overlaps with the speaker's talk it doesn't<br />

count as an interruption because it's not designed to<br />

transfer the speaker role to the listener - it's intended<br />

to keep the speaker and the listener in their present roles.<br />

• SNIPING. This occurs when one person is talking and the<br />

listener says something like 'Rubbish!' or 'I don't agree'.<br />

Again, although there is overlap talk, these interjections<br />

are not necessarily cases <strong>of</strong> interruption because the<br />

listener may have no intention <strong>of</strong> usurping the speaker's<br />

role - the listener may simply want to express a point <strong>of</strong><br />

view, and possibly unsettle the speaker in the process.<br />

• INTERRUPTING. Interruptions occur when the overlap<br />

talk is a product <strong>of</strong> competing desires for the floor - for<br />

example, when one person is speaking and the other<br />

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