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Membrane Filtration Regulations and Determination of Log Removal Value 199 35. Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds.) (2007) Advanced physicochemical treatment technologies. Humana, Totowa, NJ, p 710 36. Queensland Government (2007) Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Drinking Water. Management and Response Protocol. Queensland Government, Health Department, Australia, February 37. NYCDEP (2000) Village of Stamford/NYCDEP Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Demonstration Project comparing continuously backwashed upflow dual sand filtration and microfiltration technologies. New York City Department of Environmental Protection, NY, May 38. US EPA (1998) Testing equivalence of microfiltration and continuous-backwash-upflow, dualsand filtration technologies, Report No. RTI/6922/371-04F, May 13 39. Wang LK (2009) Technologies for environmental infrastructural sustainability. National Engineers Week, Marriott, Albany, NY, February 5–6 40. Muhammad N, Sinha R, Krishnan ER, Piao H, Patterson CL, Cotruvo J, Cumberland SL, Nero VP, Delandra C (2008) Evaluating surrogates for Cryptosporidium removal in POU systems. JAWWA, 100 12, p. 98–107
5 Treatment of Industrial Effluents, Municipal Wastes, and Potable Water by Membrane Bioreactors CONTENTS Lawrence K. Wang and Ravinder Menon INTRODUCTION MBR PROCESS DESCRIPTION PROCESS COMPARISON PROCESS APPLICATIONS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES CONCLUSIONS RECENT ADVANCES IN MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR TECHNOLOGY REFERENCES Abstract Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a biochemical engineering process involving the use of both (a) a suspended growth bioreactor for biochemical reactions (such as fermentation, bio-oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification) and (b) a membrane separator for subsequent solids–liquid separation. In a chemical engineering fermentation process, the solids may be yeasts and the liquid may be an alcohol. In an environmental engineering process, the solids may be activated sludge and the liquid may be the biologically treated water or wastewater. Practically speaking, the membrane separator replaces clarifier, such as sedimentation or dissolved air flotation (DAF) in a conventional suspended growth biological process system. The membrane module can be either submerged in a suspended growth biological bioreactor, or situated outside the bioreactor. This chapter introduces historical development, engineering applications, various MBR process systems, design considerations, and practical environmental engineering applications, such as treatment of dairy industry wastes, landfill leachate, coffee industry wastes, cosmetics industry wastes, municipal waste, and potable water. Key Words Membrane bioreactor suspended growth bioreactor fermentation biooxidation nitrification denitrification membrane process activated sludge design dairy industry waste landfill leachate coffee industry waste cosmetics industry waste municipal waste potable water MBR From: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies Edited by: L.K. Wang et al., DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_5 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2011 201
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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62 J. Ren and R. Wang where Dm i an
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64 J. Ren and R. Wang as nucleation
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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68 J. Ren and R. Wang where b ¼ v1
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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74 J. Ren and R. Wang Viscous finge
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76 J. Ren and R. Wang nonsolvent so
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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80 J. Ren and R. Wang 5.1.1. Rheolo
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82 J. Ren and R. Wang the spinneret
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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86 J. Ren and R. Wang where A is th
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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110 L. Song and K.Guan Tay • A fe
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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118 L. Song and K.Guan Tay The symb
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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124 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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132 L. Song and K.Guan Tay flux. Un
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134 L. Song and K.Guan Tay 14. Kaak
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136 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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138 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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140 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang excu
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142 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dire
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144 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang broa
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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272 J. Paul Chen et al. formation a
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274 J. Paul Chen et al. the rejecte
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276 J. Paul Chen et al. The MF memb
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278 J. Paul Chen et al. Most UF mem
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302 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.13.
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308 J. Paul Chen et al. Feed Permea
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310 J. Paul Chen et al. From Table
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312 J. Paul Chen et al. To calculat
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314 J. Paul Chen et al. biofilm for
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316 J. Paul Chen et al. magnesium,
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318 J. Paul Chen et al. reduction o
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320 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.6 C
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322 J. Paul Chen et al. many factor
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324 J. Paul Chen et al. 9.2. Gas Se
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326 J. Paul Chen et al. c w2 ¼ Con
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328 J. Paul Chen et al. 14. Economi
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330 J. Paul Chen et al. 55. Basu OD
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332 J. Paul Chen et al. 99. Teodosi
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334 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 1. I
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336 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dete
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338 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang for
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340 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination:
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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434 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 1. INTROD
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440 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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442 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.4
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448 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre protectin
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462 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 7.2. Desc
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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre and anion
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470 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre become on
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472 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre COD ¼ Ch
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474 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 25. Parso
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476 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre technique
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478 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 1. I
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516 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. (b)
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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670 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 1. INTR
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Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
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Index 701 Challenge test solution d
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Index 703 Disinfection by-products
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Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
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Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
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Index 709 Microfiltration-reverse o
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Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
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Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
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Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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