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250 L.K. Wang et al. 4.2. Uniform Transmembrane Pressure (UTP) System Figure 6.9 shows a double loop constant-pressure membrane process system, also known as the Bactocatch process (27). The process requires the simultaneous operation of a retentate pumping loop and a permeate pumping loop, to simulate a backwashing operation, but in a continuous manner rather than the periodic or intermittent traditional practice. With two parallel flows adjusted so that the pressure drop is the same on the permeate and retentate sides of the module, the pressure profile would be more like that shown in Fig. 6.10b instead of the conventional membrane process system’s pressure profile shown in Fig. 6.10a. The flux stays high and the rejection remains low (27). 5. APPLICATIONS OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY 5.1. Production of Dairy Products Using MF, UF, and RO Figure 6.11 shows various applications of MF, UF, and RO for processing milk: 1. Production of high-fat cream and fat-free milk using MF 2. Production of cheese, specialty milk products, total protein isolates, lactose, fermented food and nonfood products using UF 3. Production of whole milk powder, bulk milk, and special milk products using RO Figure 6.12 shows how MF, UF, and RO can be connected in series for the processing of milk by sequential operations. In each case in Figs. 6.11 and 6.12, the main applications of MF in milk or whey processing are fat separation, bacterial removal, and caseinate recovery. The bacteria and fat in milk products are considerably larger in molecular size than all other components. A membrane RETENTATE PERMEATE FEED PERMEATE LOOP Fig. 6.9. Uniform transmembrane pressure membrane (UTP) process system.
Treatment of Food Industry Foods and Wastes by Membrane Filtration 251 Fig. 6.10. Pressure profiles and performance characteristics of conventional MF and UTP-MF. Fig. 6.11. Applications of MF, UF, and RO individually for processing milk.
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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62 J. Ren and R. Wang where Dm i an
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64 J. Ren and R. Wang as nucleation
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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68 J. Ren and R. Wang where b ¼ v1
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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74 J. Ren and R. Wang Viscous finge
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76 J. Ren and R. Wang nonsolvent so
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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80 J. Ren and R. Wang 5.1.1. Rheolo
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82 J. Ren and R. Wang the spinneret
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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86 J. Ren and R. Wang where A is th
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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110 L. Song and K.Guan Tay • A fe
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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114 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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118 L. Song and K.Guan Tay The symb
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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124 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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132 L. Song and K.Guan Tay flux. Un
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134 L. Song and K.Guan Tay 14. Kaak
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136 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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138 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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140 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang excu
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142 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dire
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144 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang broa
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146 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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148 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. T
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150 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 8. S
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152 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4.5.
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154 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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156 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang phys
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158 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang mono
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164 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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170 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang CSTR
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172 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang chec
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178 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. C
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182 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Sens
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186 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Maxi
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188 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 2. 2
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196 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang PFR
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302 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.13.
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304 J. Paul Chen et al. a Feed b Me
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306 J. Paul Chen et al. l Product c
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308 J. Paul Chen et al. Feed Permea
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310 J. Paul Chen et al. From Table
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312 J. Paul Chen et al. To calculat
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314 J. Paul Chen et al. biofilm for
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316 J. Paul Chen et al. magnesium,
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318 J. Paul Chen et al. reduction o
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320 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.6 C
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322 J. Paul Chen et al. many factor
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324 J. Paul Chen et al. 9.2. Gas Se
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326 J. Paul Chen et al. c w2 ¼ Con
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328 J. Paul Chen et al. 14. Economi
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330 J. Paul Chen et al. 55. Basu OD
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332 J. Paul Chen et al. 99. Teodosi
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334 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 1. I
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336 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dete
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338 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang for
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342 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang impo
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346 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang prio
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348 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 5-20
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388 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination:
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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434 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 1. INTROD
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436 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre utilized
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438 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 3.2. Desc
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440 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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442 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.4
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446 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre different
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448 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre protectin
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462 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 7.2. Desc
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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre and anion
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470 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre become on
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472 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre COD ¼ Ch
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474 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 25. Parso
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476 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre technique
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478 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 1. I
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480 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. of 5
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482 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. well
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484 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. The
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486 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 3.3.
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488 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 4. C
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490 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. nonp
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492 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. rDNA
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502 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Wate
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504 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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506 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Fig.
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508 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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512 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. solu
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516 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. (b)
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518 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 8. A
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520 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 52.
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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670 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 1. INTR
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672 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh municip
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674 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 3.2. Tw
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676 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Fig. 16
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680 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Cabassu
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682 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 4.3. Ga
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684 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Membran
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688 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh MBRs ca
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690 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh two pro
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692 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh can be
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694 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 27. Bel
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696 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 70. Fut
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Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
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Index 701 Challenge test solution d
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Index 703 Disinfection by-products
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Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
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Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
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Index 709 Microfiltration-reverse o
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Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
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Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
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Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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