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416 K.C. Ng et al. CV2 Condenser pressure Cooling water out Q latent ads ¼ msilica gel 2. For the adsorbent bed in desorption operation 3. For the condenser Hot water out Heat input Qdes Evaporator pressure CV1 bed dqdes msilica gel ΔHads dt Hot water in Potable water (output) Chilled water out dq bed ads dt DHads: (16Þ Qdes ¼ _mcp des Thw;in Thw;o ; (17Þ Q latent des ¼ msilica gel Heat rejection Qcond bed dq m ads silica gel h fg dt Condenser Heat rejection Qads bed dq m ads silica gel ΔHads dt Evaporator Q chill Sea water feed Chilled water in Cooling water out Cooling water in Cooling water in Liquid refrigerant dqbed ads msilica gel h fg dt Fig. 9.14. Energy balance of AD system (Adapted from Saha et al. (42) and El-Sharkawy (25)). dq bed des dt DHads: (18Þ Qcond ¼ _mcp cond Tcw;o Tcw;in ; (19Þ
Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Method 417 4. For the evaporator and Q latent cond ¼ msilica gel dq bed des dt hfg: (20Þ Qchill ¼ _mcp chill Tchill;in Tchill;o ; (21Þ Q latent evap ¼ msilica gel dq bed ads dt hfg: (22Þ The sensible and latent heat balances of the adsorption cooling system are Qads þ Qcond ¼ Qdes þ Qchill Q latent ads þ Qlatent cond ¼ Qlatent des (23Þ þ Qlatent evap ; (24Þ respectively. In the above-mentioned equations, _mdes, _mcooling, _mchilled, and _mcond are the mass flow rates of hot water, adsorber cooling water, chilled water, and condenser cooling water, respectively. T hw,in, T cw,in, and T chll,in stand for a hot, cooling, and chilled water inlet temperatures. Thw,o, Tcw,o, and Tchll,o are hot, cooling, and chilled water outlet temperatures, respectively. As AD is aimed to produce potable water, the end user may be more concerned with the specific daily water production and the system performance ratio. In this context, the SDWP and PR are, respectively, defined as given in the following relations: ð 3; 600 dQcond SDWP ¼ t dt; (25Þ hfg ðTcond Þ msilica gel where t is the number of running hours of the plant. For more accurate and realistic results, Qcond is used to evaluate SDWP. However, in real calculation of the water production, the readings from the flow meter are used as follows: SDWP ¼ 1; 440 N P N i¼1 ðFÞi ; (26Þ where F is condensate water flow rate measured in LPM and msg is the mass of silica gel used. The performance ratio of the adsorption desalination process is expressed as PR ¼ msg ð _mwaterh fgðTcondÞ dQdes dt; (27Þ where dQcond is the heat rejected at condenser and dQdes is the heat of desorption during the desorption process.
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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62 J. Ren and R. Wang where Dm i an
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64 J. Ren and R. Wang as nucleation
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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68 J. Ren and R. Wang where b ¼ v1
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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74 J. Ren and R. Wang Viscous finge
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76 J. Ren and R. Wang nonsolvent so
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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80 J. Ren and R. Wang 5.1.1. Rheolo
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82 J. Ren and R. Wang the spinneret
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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86 J. Ren and R. Wang where A is th
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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110 L. Song and K.Guan Tay • A fe
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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114 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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118 L. Song and K.Guan Tay The symb
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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124 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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132 L. Song and K.Guan Tay flux. Un
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134 L. Song and K.Guan Tay 14. Kaak
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136 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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138 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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142 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dire
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146 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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152 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4.5.
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154 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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156 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang phys
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158 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang mono
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164 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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198 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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5 Treatment of Industrial Effluents
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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CONTENTS 6 Treatment of Food Indust
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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272 J. Paul Chen et al. formation a
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316 J. Paul Chen et al. magnesium,
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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre and anion
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470 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre become on
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472 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre COD ¼ Ch
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474 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 25. Parso
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476 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre technique
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478 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 1. I
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518 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 8. A
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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670 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 1. INTR
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672 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh municip
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674 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 3.2. Tw
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676 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Fig. 16
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680 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Cabassu
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682 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 4.3. Ga
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684 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Membran
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688 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh MBRs ca
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690 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh two pro
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692 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh can be
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694 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 27. Bel
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696 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 70. Fut
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Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
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Index 701 Challenge test solution d
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Index 703 Disinfection by-products
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Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
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Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
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Index 709 Microfiltration-reverse o
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Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
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Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
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Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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