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<strong>Membrane</strong> Separation: Basics <strong>and</strong> Applications 327<br />

13. SUBSCRIPTS<br />

1 ¼ Quantities concerning feed solution<br />

2 ¼ Quantities concerning permeate (product) solution<br />

A ¼ Quantities concerning solute<br />

B ¼ Quantities concerning solvent<br />

F ¼ Quantities concerning the feed<br />

I ¼ Quantities concerning ith component<br />

j ¼ Quantities concerning jth component<br />

m ¼ Quantities concerning inside the membrane or membrane<br />

P ¼ Quantities concerning the permeate, or pore<br />

s ¼ Quantities concerning salt<br />

w ¼ Quantities concerning water<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<br />

The authors wish to thank Professor T.S. Neal Chung of Department of Chemical <strong>and</strong><br />

Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore for providing Fig. 7.6 <strong>and</strong> input<br />

for this manuscript.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

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Singapore’s Water Supply: Options <strong>and</strong> Issues, Shangri-la Hotel, 10–11 November<br />

2. Joel M, Peter EO, Mark RW (1996) Water treatment membrane process. McGraw-Hill,<br />

New York, pp 17.1–17.31<br />

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8. Singapore Public Utilities Board (2002) Singapore water reclamation study, expert panel review<br />

<strong>and</strong> findings. Singapore Government, Singapore<br />

9. Matsuura T (2001) Progress in membrane science <strong>and</strong> technology for seawater desalination –<br />

a review. <strong>Desalination</strong> 134:47–54<br />

10. Matsuura T (1994) Synthetic membranes <strong>and</strong> membrane separation processes. CRC, Boca<br />

Raton, FL<br />

11. Matsuura T, Sourirajan S (1972) Studies on reverse osmosis for water pollution control. Water<br />

Res 6:1073–1086<br />

12. Metcalf <strong>and</strong> Eddy, Inc. (ed) (2002) Wastewater engineering: treatment disposal <strong>and</strong> reuse,<br />

4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York<br />

13. Mulder M (1996) Basic principles of membrane technology. Kluwer, Dordrecht

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