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Membrane Systems Planning and Design 389 35. Vickers J (1993) Aspects of integrity testing and module construction for microporous membrane filters. Technical Paper, Memtec America Corporation 36. Glucina K, Laine J-M, Anselme C, Chamant M, Simonie P (1999) Acoustic sensor: a novel technique for low pressure membrane integrity monitoring. In: AWWA membrane technology conference proceedings, Long Beach, CA, February 28–March 3 1999 37. Lozier J, Colvin C, Kim J-H, Kitis M, Mariñas B, Mi B (2003) Microbial removal and integrity monitoring of high-pressure membranes. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO 38. ASTM (1998) Standard practices for detecting leaks in reverse osmosis devices. American Society for Testing And Materials, D 3923–94, West Conshohocken, PA 39. Banerjee A, Lozier J, Carlson K (2001) An on-line, multi-sensor, membrane filtration permeate water quality monitoring system. AWWA membrane technology conference proceedings, San Antonio, TX, 4–7 March 2001 40. GEA Process Engineering Inc. (2010) Membrane filtration. http://www.niroinc.com/membrane_ filtration.asp
CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Method Kim Choon Ng, Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy, Bidyut Baran Saha, and Anutosh Chakraborty INTRODUCTION ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SILICA GEL–WATER PAIR ISOTHERMAL ADSORPTION OF WATER VAPOR ONTO TWO TYPES OF SILICA GELS THERMALLY DRIVEN ADSORPTION DESALINATION RECENT IMPROVEMENTS OF ADSORPTION DESALINATION PLANT DESIGN FOR LARGE COMMERCIAL ADSORPTION DESALINATION PLANT CLOSURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Abstract The search for potable water for quenching global thirst remains a pressing concern throughout many regions of the world. The demand for new and sustainable sources and the associated technologies for producing fresh water are intrinsically linked to the solving of potable water availability and hitherto, innovative and energy efficient desalination methods seems to be the practical solutions. Quenching global thirst by adsorption desalination is a practical and inexpensive method of desalinating the saline and brackish water to produce fresh water for agriculture irrigation, industrial, and building applications. This chapter provides a general overview of the adsorption fundamentals in terms of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and heat of adsorption. It is then being more focused on the principles of thermally driven adsorption desalination methods. The recent developments of adsorption desalination plants and the effect of operating conditions on the system performance in terms of specific daily water production and performance ratio are presented. Design of a large commercial adsorption desalination plant is also discussed herein. Key Words Adsorption desalination adsorption kinetics adsorption isotherms heat of adsorption heat recovery mass recovery performance ratio specific daily water production From: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies Edited by: L.K. Wang et al., DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_9 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2011 391
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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5 Treatment of Industrial Effluents
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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CONTENTS 6 Treatment of Food Indust
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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670 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 1. INTR
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Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
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Index 701 Challenge test solution d
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Index 703 Disinfection by-products
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Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
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Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
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Index 709 Microfiltration-reverse o
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Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
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Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
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Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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