Membrane and Desalination Technologies - TCE Moodle Website

Membrane Separation: Basics and Applications 325
11. ABBREVIATIONS
AFM ¼ Atomic force microscopy
BOD5 ¼ 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand
CA ¼ Cellulose acetate
COD ¼ Chemical oxygen demand
ED ¼ Electrodialysis
EPS ¼ Extracellular polymeric substance
GAC ¼ Granular activated carbon
MBR ¼ Membrane bioreactor
MF ¼ Microfiltration
MWCO ¼ Molecular weight cut-off
NF ¼ Nanofiltration
PTFE ¼ Polytetrafluoroethylene
PVP ¼ Polyvinylpyrrolidone
RO ¼ Reverse osmosis
SDI ¼ Silt density index
TDS ¼ Total dissolved solids
TOC ¼ Total organic carbon
UF ¼ Ultrafiltration
WTCost ¼ Water treatment cost estimation programme
12. NOMENCLATURE
A ¼ Proportionality factor
Am ¼ Membrane area (m 2 )
As ¼ Salt permeability constant (m/s)
Aw ¼ Water permeability constant (kg water/s m 2 atm)
aAm ¼ Activity of solute in the membrane (mol/m 3 )
a B ¼ Activity of solvent outside of the membrane (mol/m 3 )
aBm ¼ Activity of solvent in the membrane (mol/m 3 )
a im ¼ Activity in the membrane (mol/m 3 )
B ¼ Combined parameter (atm 1 )
b ¼ Concentration polarization, 1.2–2.0
c1 ¼ Salt concentration in feed solution (kg salt/m 3 )
c2 ¼ Salt concentration in permeate (product) solution (kg salt/m 3 )
cA ¼ Concentration of solute outside the membrane (mol/m 3 )
cAF ¼ Concentration of solute in the feed (mol/m 3 )
c Am ¼ Concentration of solute in the membrane (mol/m 3 )
cAP ¼ Concentration of solute in the permeate (mol/m 3 )
c Bm ¼ Concentration of the solvent in the membrane (mol/m 3 )
cBP ¼ Concentration of the solvent in the permeate (kg/m 3 )