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236 L.K. Wang and R. Menon 76. Zenon Membrane Solutions. (2010) Cauley Creek Water Reclamation Facility. Zenon Membrane Solutions, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 77. Zenon Membrane Solutions (2010) Australian Golf Course Recycles Municipal Wastewater with Onsite ZeeWeed MBR. Zenon Membrane Solutions, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 78. Zenon Membrane Solutions (2010) Vancouver Convention & Exhibition Centre. Zenon Membrane Solutions, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 79. Zenon Membrane Solutions (2010) Johns Creek Environmental Campus. Zenon Membrane Solutions, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 80. Zenon Membrane Solutions (2010) Corona Wastewater Treatment Plant. Zenon Membrane Solutions, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 81. GE Water & Process Technologies (2010) Membrane Bioreactor Design Considerations. http:// www.gewater.com/products/equipment/mf_uf_mbr/mbr/design_considerations.jsp GE Water & Process Technologies, Schenectady, NY, USA. www.gewater.com. 82. Fane AG (2002) Membrane bioreactors: design and operational options. Filtration Sep 39 (5):26–29. 83. Van Bentem AGN, Petri CP, Schyns PFT (2007) Membrane Bioreactors: Operation and Results of an MBR Wastewater Treatment Plant. International Water Association. 120. 84. Judd S, Jefferson B (eds) (2003) Membranes for industrial wastewater recovery and re-use. Elsevier Science New York, NY. p 308. 85. Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds) (2010) Handbook of advanced industrial and hazardous waste treatment. CRC Press, New York, NY. 1378 p. 86. Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT (eds) (2009) Advanced biological treatment processes. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 737 pages. 87. Wang LK, Tay JH, Tay STL, Hung YT (eds) (2010) Environmental bioengineering. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp. 378–380.
CONTENTS 6 Treatment of Food Industry Foods and Wastes by Membrane Filtration Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, Munir Cheryan, Yu-Ming Zheng, and Shuai-Wen Zou INTRODUCTION MEMBRANE PROCESSES, MODULES, AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS MEMBRANE FILTRATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY NONFOOD APPLICATIONS OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY NOMENCLATURE REFERENCES Abstract Membrane separation processes are based on the ability of semipermeable membranes of the appropriate physical and chemical nature to discriminate between molecules primarily on the basis of size and to a certain extent, on shape and chemical composition. A membrane’s role is to act as a selective barrier, enriching certain components in a feedstream, and depleting the others. One of the chief attractions of membrane technology is the low energy requirement compared to other food processing technologies. Since membrane processes are nonthermal and do not involve a change of phases, they are energy-efficient and do not change the nature of the foods during their process operation. This chapter presents the membrane process theory and case histories of various production applications in the food industry. Operational problems and recommended engineering solutions for membrane process optimization are presented and discussed. Key Words Membrane filtration food industry food processing energy conservation waste minimization recycle waste treatment From: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 13: Membrane and Desalination Technologies Edited by: L.K. Wang et al., DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6_6 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2011 237
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination:
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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434 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 1. INTROD
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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670 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh 1. INTR
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Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
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Index 701 Challenge test solution d
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Index 703 Disinfection by-products
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Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
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Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
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Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
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Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
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Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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