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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre
and anionic NOMs (52–53), resulting in the removal of NOMs after UF. However, the
retention of DOC significantly varied in the range of 8–58%. It was probably due to fluctuation
of the percentage of NOMs among total organic contents. TOC retention in RO process was
71–97% dependent on TOC level and compositions in the UF permeate (RO feed).
7.3.4. Analytical Results of Product Quality
Range of analytical results of biweekly samples of raw, RO feed and RO permeate during
the study are summarized in Table 10.22. For comparison, NEWater quality (6) is also given
in Table 10.22. Table 10.22 shows that most parameters (18 out of 22) of the treated water
(RO permeate) from the UF-RO membrane process met the quality of NEWater. However,
ammonia–N in the RO permeate was 0.9–3.4 mg/L, which was high due to consistent high
Table 10.22
Analytical results of biweekly samples (46)
Parameter Range of analytical results NEWater quality (20)
Raw feed RO (feed) RO (permeate)
Ammonia–N (mg/L) 30–50 29–42 0.9–3.4