700 Index Bar, 12, 208, 231, 239, 253, 445, 470, 550, 577, 583, 670, 678–681, 689 Basic principles of system design <strong>and</strong> operation, 355–364 Batch dual pump membrane process, 253 Batch single pump membrane process, 253 Bedding materials diffusion restriction, 488–490 Beverages, 2, 11, 13, 19, 30, 33, 38, 102, 213–214, 245, 254, 258, 259, 263 Binodal curve, 61, 63–69, 73, 76, 77 Biocompatibility, 212, 241–242 Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), 490, 499, 512 Biofilm, 150, 194, 207, 226, 227, 313–315, 321, 352, 488–494, 498–499, 577, 579–581, 627, 628 biological activated carbon adsorption, 498–499 Biofiltration, 477–516 Biological activated carbon adsorption, 315, 498–499 denitrification, 482–484, 492, 494, 496 fouling, 105, 247, 248, 546, 580, 583, 617, 626, 627 GAC, 478 nitrate reduction, 482 nitrate removal, 482 pretreatment, membrane process, 205, 206 processes, 18–19, 205, 206, 220, 460, 482, 484, 498 slow s<strong>and</strong> filtration, 484–485 treatment processes, 202, 205, 231, 436, 459, 478, 603 Biomass, 37, 206, 207, 215, 226, 260, 262–264, 282, 323, 483, 488, 490–495, 503–505, 507–514, 627, 654, 683–684, 686 Biopharmaceutical industry, 33–34 Bioreactor, 201–232 ion-exchange membrane, 496–497 Biotechnology, 11, 18, 238, 259, 265, 324, 477–516, 671, 691 potable water, 477–516 Bipolar process, 264, 265 Boiler feedwater, 11, 281 Brackish water desalination, contaminated aquifer water, 22–26 Brine water, 529, 540, 554, 555 Brix, 254, 255 Brunauer adsorption isotherms, 394, 395 Bubble characteristics, 674 CA. See Cellulose acetate Calculation of removal efficiency, 147, 148, 172–174 Capillary modules, 212, 213, 240 Carbon activated, 28, 206, 216, 315, 316, 336, 394, 396–398, 478, 492, 498–499, 505, 582, 588, 605–609, 611, 618, 620–622, 628, 645 Carbonaceous oxidation, 205, 215 Carbon dioxide (CO 2) back permeation, 322, 590–591 Cartridge filters, 137, 144, 161, 169, 190, 283, 347–351, 368, 377, 446, 486, 487, 584, 593, 628 CAS. See Conventional activated sludge Case studies, 136, 193–195, 282–285, 560, 591–595 of challenge testing, 191–195 CD. See Cyclodextrin Cell concentration, 262, 687 Cellulose acetate (CA), 7–10, 12, 30, 31, 48, 53–54, 56, 77, 91, 102, 128, 203, 213, 239, 243, 279, 280, 286, 296, 305, 320–321, 348–349, 485, 561, 564, 571, 617, 657 membranes, 7, 10, 13, 21, 242, 248, 308, 563, 570, 580, 587 Cellulose <strong>and</strong> cellulose acetate, 53, 54 Cereals, 259 Challenge particulates, 147–150, 153–166, 170–174, 177, 178, 180, 184, 186, 187 Challenge particulate seeding method, 148, 163–164, 184 Challenges to prevent fouling, 305, 543, 576, 581, 628 Challenge test, 141, 146–178, 180, 181, 184–187, 191–195 systems, 164–170
Index 701 Challenge test solution design scenario, 184–187 Characteristic pressure of a long membrane channel, 126–128 Characterization, membrane, 289–290 Chemical cleaning, 319–322, 341–343, 351–352, 378–379, 586–589 optimization, 341–343 residuals, 335, 376–379 Chemical conditioning, 348–349, 354, 355 Chemical process, 11, 30, 58, 205, 219, 238, 484, 575, 671 Chemical recovery, 11 Chemviron, 398 Chilled water temperature, 419–420 Chlorine-intolerant membranes, 383 Chlorine-tolerant membranes, 383 Clarification, 13, 15, 23, 102, 107, 188, 205, 208, 209, 212, 214, 215, 254, 259, 272, 278, 315–317, 378, 453–454, 488, 582, 671 Cleaning agent fouling, 247, 248 chemical, 319–322, 341–343, 351–352, 378–379, 586–589 membrane, 5, 23, 27, 102, 103, 107–108, 129, 131, 132, 209, 247, 315, 318–323, 341–342, 351, 470, 490, 580, 586–591, 650, 654, 657, 690 physical, 322–323, 590–591 Closed adsorption cycle, 400–402 Coagulation/flocculation, 208, 581, 582 Coefficient of heat transfer, 532 Coffee factory, 221–223 Coffee industry, 221–222 Colloidal fouling, 105, 107, 121, 247, 248, 313, 318, 441, 577, 579, 626, 627 Combination of ultrafiltration/nanofiltration processes, 652–653 of ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis processes, 651–652 Community water systems (CWSs), 139 Compaction, 10, 112, 115, 116, 282, 488, 565, 570 Comparing microfiltration <strong>and</strong> dual s<strong>and</strong> filtration, 191–195 Compliance monitoring, 139 Composite membrane, 6–10, 15–18, 20, 21, 24, 26, 31, 35, 49, 50, 55, 57, 91, 280, 323, 324, 463, 563–565 thinfilm, 6–8, 213, 243, 248, 280, 288, 321, 564 Composite sampling, 165, 170 Concentration, 161–162, 379–380, 569–570, 689–690 Concentration polarization, 3, 38, 106, 282, 298, 299, 309, 310, 314, 471, 554, 567, 569–570, 572, 573, 579, 648, 649, 659, 660, 670, 672, 673, 683, 689, 691, 692 Condenser, 17, 264, 400–402, 413–418, 421, 422, 424–426, 534–536 Considering existing membrane facilities under the LT2ESWTR, 142–144 Constant volume variable pressure (CVVP), 410–412 system, 406, 410 test facility, 406–408 Continuous indirect integrity monitoring, 141–143, 145, 146, 182–185, 346, 353, 385 Continuously backwashed dual s<strong>and</strong> filtration, 191–195 Continuous membrane reactor (CMR), 258–264 Continuous one stage membrane process, 20, 253 Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), 167, 169, 170, 176, 363–366 Control limit (CL), 141, 142, 144, 183, 185 Conventional activated sludge (CAS), 36–37, 208, 209, 214–219, 228, 435 Conventional pretreatment, 22, 24–26, 315–318, 507, 581, 583–585, 596 Conversion factors, 282, 359 Cooling tower blowdown recycle, 11, 281 Core requirements for challenge testing, 147–148 of continuous indirect integrity monitoring, 182–184
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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62 J. Ren and R. Wang where Dm i an
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64 J. Ren and R. Wang as nucleation
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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68 J. Ren and R. Wang where b ¼ v1
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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74 J. Ren and R. Wang Viscous finge
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76 J. Ren and R. Wang nonsolvent so
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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80 J. Ren and R. Wang 5.1.1. Rheolo
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82 J. Ren and R. Wang the spinneret
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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86 J. Ren and R. Wang where A is th
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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110 L. Song and K.Guan Tay • A fe
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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114 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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118 L. Song and K.Guan Tay The symb
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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124 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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126 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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130 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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132 L. Song and K.Guan Tay flux. Un
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134 L. Song and K.Guan Tay 14. Kaak
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136 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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138 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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140 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang excu
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142 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dire
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144 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang broa
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146 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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148 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. T
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150 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 8. S
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152 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4.5.
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154 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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156 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang phys
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158 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang mono
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160 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4.8.
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162 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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164 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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166 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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168 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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170 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang CSTR
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172 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang chec
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174 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang due
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176 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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178 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. C
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180 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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182 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Sens
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184 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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186 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Maxi
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188 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 2. 2
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190 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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192 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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194 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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196 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang PFR
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198 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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5 Treatment of Industrial Effluents
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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CONTENTS 6 Treatment of Food Indust
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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272 J. Paul Chen et al. formation a
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274 J. Paul Chen et al. the rejecte
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276 J. Paul Chen et al. The MF memb
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278 J. Paul Chen et al. Most UF mem
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280 J. Paul Chen et al. The applica
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282 J. Paul Chen et al. solutions a
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284 J. Paul Chen et al. Salt cheese
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286 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.2 L
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288 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.3 L
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290 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.7. V
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292 J. Paul Chen et al. Considering
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294 J. Paul Chen et al. Approximati
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296 J. Paul Chen et al. 5.2. The Po
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298 J. Paul Chen et al. into a smal
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300 J. Paul Chen et al. 6.2.3. Tubu
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302 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.13.
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304 J. Paul Chen et al. a Feed b Me
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306 J. Paul Chen et al. l Product c
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308 J. Paul Chen et al. Feed Permea
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310 J. Paul Chen et al. From Table
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312 J. Paul Chen et al. To calculat
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314 J. Paul Chen et al. biofilm for
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316 J. Paul Chen et al. magnesium,
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318 J. Paul Chen et al. reduction o
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320 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.6 C
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322 J. Paul Chen et al. many factor
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324 J. Paul Chen et al. 9.2. Gas Se
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326 J. Paul Chen et al. c w2 ¼ Con
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328 J. Paul Chen et al. 14. Economi
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330 J. Paul Chen et al. 55. Basu OD
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332 J. Paul Chen et al. 99. Teodosi
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334 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 1. I
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336 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dete
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338 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang for
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340 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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342 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang impo
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344 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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346 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang prio
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348 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 5-20
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350 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 3.2.
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352 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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354 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang cour
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356 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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358 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang wher
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360 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang and
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362 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang syst
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364 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang blee
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366 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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368 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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370 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang oxid
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372 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang memb
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374 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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376 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang capa
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378 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Disp
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380 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang sali
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382 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 7.3.
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384 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang the
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386 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 9. N
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388 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination:
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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434 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 1. INTROD
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436 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre utilized
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438 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 3.2. Desc
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440 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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442 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.4
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444 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.5
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446 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre different
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448 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre protectin
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450 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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452 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.8
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454 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.1
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456 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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458 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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460 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.1
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462 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 7.2. Desc
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464 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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466 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.1
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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre and anion
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470 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre become on
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472 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre COD ¼ Ch
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474 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 25. Parso
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476 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre technique
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478 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 1. I
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480 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. of 5
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482 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. well
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484 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. The
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486 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 3.3.
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488 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 4. C
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490 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. nonp
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492 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. rDNA
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494 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 3. E
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496 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Form
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498 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 4.4.
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500 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. do n
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502 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Wate
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504 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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506 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Fig.
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508 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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510 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Fig.
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512 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. solu
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514 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 5.6.
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516 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. (b)
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518 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 8. A
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520 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 52.
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522 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 94.
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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604 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. wate
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606 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. hydr
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608 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. it i
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610 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. UV i
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612 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. The
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614 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. abov
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616 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Fig.
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618 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. larg
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620 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. insi
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622 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. acti
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624 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. wate
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626 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. affe
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628 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Adju
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630 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 4. D
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632 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. For
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634 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Cc
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636 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 22.
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638 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 63.
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640 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. grea
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642 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 2. F
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644 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. cond
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646 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. foll
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