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Gas-Sparged Ultrafiltration: Recent Trends, Applications and Future Challenges 677 Table 16.1 Comparison of flux enhancement by using different membrane modules, operating conditions and test media Test media Membrane module & operating conditions Coloured dextran MW: 87 kDa Dextran MW: 260 kDa Dextran Blue dextran BSA Dextran MW: 83 kDa HSA MW: 66 kDa Clay suspensions dp: 1mm Clay suspensions dp:1mm Vertical tubular module di: 12.7 mm V g/V l: 0.7 Vertical tubular module Vg: 0–0.35 m/s Vl: 0.14–0.78 m/s Vertical tubular module Vg: 0–0.13 m/s Vl: 0.13–0.39 m/s Hollow fibre modules V g: 0.006–0.014 m/s V l: 0.097–0.18 m/s di: 0.2mm Vg: 0.007–0.017 m/s Vl: 0.12; 0.21 m/s di: 0.5 mm Hollow fibre module Vg: 0–0.6 m/s Hollow fibre module V g: 0–1 m/s di: 0.93 mm Bentonite suspensions Tubular module Vg: 0–2.5 m/s Vl: 0.31–1.57 m/s di: 15mm HSA & IgG mixture Tubular module V g: 30–150 mL/min BSA, Lysozyme, HSA, IgG V l: 0.25–1 L/min Rectangular flat-sheet tangential flow module Vg: 0–200 mL/min Yeast suspension Flat-sheet ceramic module Vg: 0–10 L/min Vl: 3–16.66 L/min Flux enhancement (%) 70–250 (12) 320 (37) 60 (13) 113 91 20–50 (27) 10–60 155 (45) 110 (43) 200 (33) 70 (34) 50 (51) 100 (53) References being used for bioseparation. The first reported use of gas sparging to enhance flux in a hollow fibre membrane module was by Lee at al. (42). In their study of E. coli suspension ultrafiltration using 1 mm inner-diameter PS hollow fibres, 65% increase in permeate flux under the stabilized operating conditions was observed.
678 K. Mohanty and R. Ghosh Fig. 16.4. Effect of gas sparging on permeate flux (vertical tube UF of dextran, Vl ¼ 0.61 L/min, P ¼ 0.75 bar, Co ¼ 1.2 wt%, MW ¼ 87 kDa) (12). Fig. 16.5. Effect of tube orientation on gassparged UF (12). Fig. 16.6. Effect of permeate flux for gassparged UF at various inclination angles (Vg ¼ 0.08 m/s, V l ¼ 0.168 m/s) (39).
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Membrane and Desalination Technolog
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Editors Dr. Lawrence K. Wang Zorex
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vi Preface Our treatment of polluti
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Contents Preface . ................
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Contents xi 3.4. Considering Existi
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Contents xiii 7. Membrane Separatio
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Contents xv 6. Design for Large Com
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Contents xvii 13. Desalination of S
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Contributors JIRAPAT ANANPATTARACHA
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CONTENTS 1 Membrane Technology: Pas
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Membrane Technology: Past, Present
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48 J. Ren and R. Wang Key Words Pol
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50 J. Ren and R. Wang Nonporous den
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52 J. Ren and R. Wang pervaporation
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54 J. Ren and R. Wang HO HO OH O OH
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56 J. Ren and R. Wang Fig. 2.7 Chem
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58 J. Ren and R. Wang N O O 3.10. P
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60 J. Ren and R. Wang inversion, th
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62 J. Ren and R. Wang where Dm i an
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64 J. Ren and R. Wang as nucleation
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66 J. Ren and R. Wang and no polyme
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68 J. Ren and R. Wang where b ¼ v1
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70 J. Ren and R. Wang S gelation ti
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72 J. Ren and R. Wang structure wil
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74 J. Ren and R. Wang Viscous finge
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76 J. Ren and R. Wang nonsolvent so
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78 J. Ren and R. Wang Thickness of
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80 J. Ren and R. Wang 5.1.1. Rheolo
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82 J. Ren and R. Wang the spinneret
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84 J. Ren and R. Wang Dynamic visco
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86 J. Ren and R. Wang where A is th
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88 J. Ren and R. Wang In the spinni
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90 J. Ren and R. Wang stress, espec
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92 J. Ren and R. Wang solution at t
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94 J. Ren and R. Wang TIPS ¼ Therm
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96 J. Ren and R. Wang 5. Kesting RE
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98 J. Ren and R. Wang 51. Matsuyama
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100 J. Ren and R. Wang 92. Ren J, C
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102 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Key Word
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104 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Flux A A
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106 L. Song and K.Guan Tay increase
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108 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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110 L. Song and K.Guan Tay • A fe
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112 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Feed wat
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114 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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116 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Fouling
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118 L. Song and K.Guan Tay The symb
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120 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Table 3.
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122 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Permeate
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124 L. Song and K.Guan Tay Average
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128 L. Song and K.Guan Tay generati
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132 L. Song and K.Guan Tay flux. Un
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134 L. Song and K.Guan Tay 14. Kaak
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136 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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138 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang The
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140 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang excu
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142 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dire
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144 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang broa
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146 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang remo
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148 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. T
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150 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 8. S
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152 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4.5.
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154 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Tabl
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156 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang phys
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158 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang mono
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164 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Fig.
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170 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang CSTR
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172 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang chec
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174 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang due
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178 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 4. C
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182 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Sens
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186 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang Maxi
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188 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 2. 2
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196 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang PFR
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198 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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5 Treatment of Industrial Effluents
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Treatment of Industrial Effluents,
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CONTENTS 6 Treatment of Food Indust
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Treatment of Food Industry Foods an
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272 J. Paul Chen et al. formation a
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274 J. Paul Chen et al. the rejecte
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276 J. Paul Chen et al. The MF memb
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278 J. Paul Chen et al. Most UF mem
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280 J. Paul Chen et al. The applica
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282 J. Paul Chen et al. solutions a
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284 J. Paul Chen et al. Salt cheese
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286 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.2 L
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288 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.3 L
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290 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.7. V
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292 J. Paul Chen et al. Considering
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294 J. Paul Chen et al. Approximati
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296 J. Paul Chen et al. 5.2. The Po
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298 J. Paul Chen et al. into a smal
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300 J. Paul Chen et al. 6.2.3. Tubu
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302 J. Paul Chen et al. Fig. 7.13.
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304 J. Paul Chen et al. a Feed b Me
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306 J. Paul Chen et al. l Product c
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308 J. Paul Chen et al. Feed Permea
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310 J. Paul Chen et al. From Table
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312 J. Paul Chen et al. To calculat
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314 J. Paul Chen et al. biofilm for
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316 J. Paul Chen et al. magnesium,
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318 J. Paul Chen et al. reduction o
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320 J. Paul Chen et al. Table 7.6 C
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322 J. Paul Chen et al. many factor
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324 J. Paul Chen et al. 9.2. Gas Se
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326 J. Paul Chen et al. c w2 ¼ Con
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328 J. Paul Chen et al. 14. Economi
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330 J. Paul Chen et al. 55. Basu OD
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332 J. Paul Chen et al. 99. Teodosi
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334 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 1. I
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336 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang dete
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342 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang impo
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348 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 5-20
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388 N.K. Shammas and L.K. Wang 16.
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CONTENTS 9 Adsorption Desalination:
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Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Me
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434 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 1. INTROD
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436 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre utilized
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438 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 3.2. Desc
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440 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Table 10.
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442 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre Fig. 10.4
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446 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre different
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448 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre protectin
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462 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 7.2. Desc
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468 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre and anion
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470 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre become on
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472 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre COD ¼ Ch
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474 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre 25. Parso
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476 J. Qin and K.A. Kekre technique
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478 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 1. I
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480 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. of 5
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482 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. well
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484 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. The
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486 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 3.3.
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488 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 4. C
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490 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. nonp
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492 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. rDNA
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494 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 3. E
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496 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Form
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500 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. do n
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502 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Wate
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504 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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506 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Fig.
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508 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. Tabl
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512 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. solu
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516 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. (b)
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518 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 8. A
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520 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 52.
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522 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. 94.
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12 Desalination of Seawater by Ther
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Desalination of Seawater by Thermal
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CONTENTS 13 Desalination of Seawate
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Desalination of Seawater by Reverse
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610 P. Kajitvichyanukul et al. UV i
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Page 711 and 712: Acceptance testing, 384-385 ACF. Se
Page 713 and 714: Index 701 Challenge test solution d
Page 715 and 716: Index 703 Disinfection by-products
Page 717 and 718: Index 705 Hemodialysis, 2, 6, 281 H
Page 719 and 720: Index 707 Membrane bioreactor-rever
Page 721 and 722: Index 709 Microfiltration-reverse o
Page 723 and 724: Index 711 Physical cleaning, 322-32
Page 725 and 726: Index 713 Reynolds number, 676, 679
Page 727 and 728: Index 715 Thermal concentration, 25
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