Theological Origins of Modernity

More documents

Recommendations

Info

humanism and the apotheosis of man 99 guage and divine language into harmony. 101 Consequently, in reading and interpreting Scripture, he believed humans had to participate in a giant process of discourse with one another in which they seek agreement between mutually distinct interpretations of divine discourse. Th e goal of scriptural interpretation is thus not an immediate encounter with God but the restoration of the unity of Scripture and the Christian community through a discursive and consensual process. 102 Th e focus of any such study, however, must always be the living Christ as revealed in Scripture and not some abstract concept of God. Th is focus on Christ’s life and particularly his charity (caritas) is central to Erasmus’s philosophia Christi. Like Ficino, he sees the moral teachings of the Greek and Roman philosophers as identical with Christian charity as exemplifi ed by Christ. Within the humanist context such a synthesis had long been an ideal, but an ideal some Christians looked on with suspicion, because it seemed to veer toward Pelagianism. For Erasmus, this danger could not be overlooked, but he was convinced that a failure to reach such a synthesis would open Christianity up to a Manicheanism that held God responsible for evil and that thus undermined individual moral responsibility. 103 Erasmus believed he had found a path between these two extremes. While Erasmus was a humanist, he rejected both the martial element of Italian civic humanism and the Promethean vision of later Italian humanists who saw man not merely as an individual willing being but as a self-willing and self-creating being. His dedication to the devotio moderna pointed him in the direction of a more humble humanism that bowed before God but still admired and praised moral virtue. While he did not believe a Christian could legitimately seek glory, especially if it involved violence, a Christian could and should seek to emulate Socrates, Cicero, and Christ in order to live a life of righteousness. For such a life to be possible, however, human beings must have some measure of freedom or autonomy. Humanism, of course, did not come to an end with Erasmus. Indeed, thinkers like Montaigne carried humanism to new heights. In order to understand the further development of humanism, however, it is necessary to take a step back or if not back at least to the side and examine the development of another strain of thought that arose in response to the nominalist revolution and helped shaped modernity. Humanism in all of its forms accepted the nominalist ontology of radically individual beings. In trying to fi nd its way through the chaotic world that nominalism seemed to engender, however, it followed a decidedly unnominalistic path, giving ontic
100 chapter three precedence to human being over either divine being or natural being. Beginning with Petrarch and carried through to the thought of Machiavelli and Erasmus, the fi rst of all things for man was man. Such a view does not deny the existence or importance of God, but it does suggest that we can only come to God through man. Th is view, as we will see in the next chapter, was anathema to that other strain of thought that lies at the origins of modernity, the thought of the Reformation.
Page 2:
the theological origins of modernit
Page 5 and 6:
Michael Allen Gillespie is professo
Page 8:
contents Preface ix Introduction 1
Page 11 and 12:
x preface up to its aspirations or
Page 13 and 14:
xii preface ligious doctrine and pr
Page 16 and 17:
introduction the concept of the mod
Page 18 and 19:
introduction 3 twelft h century to
Page 20 and 21:
part schema of world history, with
Page 22 and 23:
central to the intellectual crisis
Page 24 and 25:
introduction 9 on ancient philosoph
Page 26 and 27:
introduction 11 tions of their time
Page 28 and 29:
introduction 13 the experience of f
Page 30 and 31:
Until recently, the importance of t
Page 32 and 33:
introduction 17 for example, put ma
Page 34 and 35:
1 Th e Nominalist Revolution and th
Page 36 and 37:
the nominalist revolution and moder
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
petrarch and the invention of indiv
Page 62 and 63:
petrarch and the invention of indiv
Page 64 and 65: Cola di Rienzo to revive the Roman
Page 66 and 67: petrarch and the invention of indiv
Page 84 and 85: 3 Humanism and the Apotheosis of Ma
Page 86 and 87: humanism and the apotheosis of man
Page 116 and 117: 4 Luther and the Storm of Faith As
Page 118 and 119: luther and the storm of faith 103 t
Page 120 and 121: luther and the storm of faith 105 y
Page 122 and 123: luther and the storm of faith 107 a
Page 124 and 125: luther and the storm of faith 109 r
Page 126 and 127: luther and the storm of faith 111 o
Page 128 and 129: luther and the storm of faith 113 n
Page 130 and 131: luther and the storm of faith 115 b
Page 132 and 133: luther and the storm of faith 117 a
Page 134 and 135: luther and the storm of faith 119 b
Page 136 and 137: luther and the storm of faith 121 m
Page 140 and 141: luther and the storm of faith 125 m
Page 144 and 145: 5 Th e Contradictions of Premoderni
Page 146 and 147: the contradictions of premodernity
Page 164 and 165:
the contradictions of premodernity
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
descartes’ path to truth 171 prov
Page 188 and 189:
descartes’ path to truth 173 its
Page 190 and 191:
descartes’ path to truth 175 Beec
Page 192 and 193:
descartes’ path to truth 177 agai
Page 194 and 195:
descartes’ path to truth 179 (4 p
Page 196 and 197:
descartes’ path to truth 181 worl
Page 198 and 199:
descartes’ path to truth 183 and
Page 200 and 201:
descartes’ path to truth 185 enth
Page 202 and 203:
descartes’ path to truth 187 with
Page 204 and 205:
descartes’ path to truth 189 this
Page 206 and 207:
descartes’ path to truth 191 from
Page 208 and 209:
descartes’ path to truth 193 his
Page 210 and 211:
descartes’ path to truth 195 beli
Page 212 and 213:
descartes’ path to truth 197 can
Page 214 and 215:
descartes’ path to truth 199 by t
Page 216 and 217:
descartes’ path to truth 201 the
Page 218 and 219:
descartes’ path to truth 203 Bona
Page 220 and 221:
descartes’ path to truth 205 huma
Page 222 and 223:
7 Hobbes’ Fearful Wisdom In 1588
Page 224 and 225:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 209 view i
Page 226 and 227:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 211 ascens
Page 228 and 229:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 213 litica
Page 230 and 231:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 215 Italy,
Page 232 and 233:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 217 sued b
Page 234 and 235:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 219 when h
Page 236 and 237:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 221 but fo
Page 238 and 239:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 223 Descar
Page 240 and 241:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 225 neva.
Page 242 and 243:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 227 out th
Page 244 and 245:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 229 tact w
Page 246 and 247:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 231 God pr
Page 248 and 249:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 233 all ex
Page 250 and 251:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 235 only r
Page 252 and 253:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 237 Or to
Page 254 and 255:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 239 imity
Page 256 and 257:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 241 In fac
Page 258 and 259:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 243 nalist
Page 260 and 261:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 245 Moses
Page 262 and 263:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 247 requir
Page 264 and 265:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 249 relati
Page 266 and 267:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 251 world
Page 268 and 269:
hobbes’ fearful wisdom 253 of the
Page 270 and 271:
8 Th e Contradictions of Enlightenm
Page 272 and 273:
the contradictions of enlightenment
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302:
Page 305 and 306:
290 epilogue faithful, and Christia
Page 307 and 308:
292 epilogue continuing source of t
Page 309 and 310:
294 epilogue come from somewhere, a
Page 311 and 312:
296 notes to pages xi-4 5. Th is is
Page 313 and 314:
298 notes to pages 6-14 18. Th e re
Page 315 and 316:
300 notes to pages 22-26 7. William
Page 317 and 318:
302 notes to pages 32-39 34. It was
Page 319 and 320:
304 notes to pages 48-50 were simpl
Page 321 and 322:
306 notes to pages 52-54 the attemp
Page 323 and 324:
308 notes to pages 57-58 79. Bouwsm
Page 325 and 326:
310 notes to pages 61-63 116. Gusta
Page 327 and 328:
312 notes to page 71 centuries. Pet
Page 329 and 330:
314 notes to pages 75-77 21. Charle
Page 331 and 332:
316 notes to pages 83-85 45. Later
Page 333 and 334:
318 notes to pages 90-95 71. Ibid.,
Page 335 and 336:
320 notes to pages 102-107 chapter
Page 337 and 338:
322 notes to pages 115-117 50. Pack
Page 339 and 340:
324 notes to pages 122-126 95. On t
Page 341 and 342:
326 notes to pages 136-143 8. Alber
Page 343 and 344:
328 notes to pages 148-152 50. Eras
Page 345 and 346:
330 notes to pages 161-166 104. WA
Page 347 and 348:
332 notes to pages 174-175 8. Cole,
Page 349 and 350:
334 notes to pages 177-182 37. Wats
Page 351 and 352:
336 notes to pages 187-193 69. Lach
Page 353 and 354:
338 notes to pages 196-200 intentio
Page 355 and 356:
340 notes to pages 205-206 absolute
Page 357 and 358:
342 notes to pages 214-220 337-38.
Page 359 and 360:
344 notes to pages 224-225 60. Quen
Page 361 and 362:
346 notes to pages 231-234 Martinic
Page 363 and 364:
348 notes to pages 239-243 inhabit.
Page 365 and 366:
350 notes to pages 247-248 129. Lev
Page 367 and 368:
352 notes to pages 248-250 141. Spr
Page 369 and 370:
354 notes to pages 257-259 2. Th e
Page 371 and 372:
356 notes to pages 270-274 23. Inde
Page 373 and 374:
358 notes to pages 278-281 40. For
Page 375 and 376:
360 notes to pages 287-291 in langu
Page 378 and 379:
index Abelard, Peter, 22, 26, 321n4
Page 380 and 381:
334n45, 335n67; Enlightenment and,
Page 382 and 383:
Clift on, Gervase, 216 cogito ergo
Page 384 and 385:
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 278 end of da
Page 386 and 387:
Friedman, Th omas L., 295n1 Fukuyam
Page 388 and 389:
244, 349n120; priority of nature an
Page 390 and 391:
Lamettrie, Julien Off roy de, 275,
Page 392 and 393:
5, 42; modern science and, 5, 35, 3
Page 394 and 395:
and, 43; Salutati and, 77; science
Page 396 and 397:
Platonism: Enlightenment and, 257;
Page 398 and 399:
135, 136; evil and, 159; Ficino’s
Page 400 and 401:
Trapp, Joseph, 311n1 Trinity: Arian
show all

Theological Origins of Modernity

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?