Theological Origins of Modernity

378 index
More, Th omas: Christian humanism and,
74, 210, 212; Erasmus and, 94, 96, 97,
319n102; human freedom and, 320n10;
Utopia of, 238
Morney, Michael, 312n2, 312n4
Moyal, Georges, 340n149
Müntzer, Th omas, 111–12, 130
Mu’tazilites, 290–91, 360n2, 361n3
mysticism: of Bernard of Clairvaux, 115;
Islam and, 291, 292; Luther and, 105,
114, 118; of Müntzer, 111; nominalism
and, 14
Nadler, Stephen, 337n97
Napoli, Andrea, 341n17
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, 360n2
Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 361n6
Nathen, Johannes, 104–5
nationalism, Romantic, 279, 283
National Socialism, 8, 9, 350n137. See also
Nazism
natural law: Hobbes and, 253, 272; modernity’s
struggle against, xii; Stoicism
and, 356n28; Strauss’s defense of, 8. See
also laws of nature
natural theology, 20, 24, 114, 248
nature: Bacon on, 37, 38–39, 40, 262; Calvin
on, 344n64; Descartes and, 180, 184,
185, 200, 204–5, 206, 262–63, 339nn142–
43, 355n16; Erasmus on, 150, 164, 328n67,
330n122; grace and, 85, 150, 164, 328n67;
Hegel on, 282, 283, 359n46; Hobbes and,
41, 42, 209, 222, 229, 231, 238, 248, 249,
254, 262–63, 345n75, 351n137, 353n153;
humanism and, 31–32, 85; Kant and, 7,
277; Luther on, 125–27, 325n119, 344n64;
mastery of (see mastery of nature);
Ockham on understanding of, 23; ontic
priority of, 17; Paul on, 78; realist ontology
and, 20; Romantics and idealists
on, 278–79; scholastic understanding
of, 24; science and, 279–80; transference
of divinity to, 273, 274, 275, 276,
357n32. See also God, man, and nature
Nazism, 279, 283. See also National
Socialism
necessity: Hobbes and, 263; Kant on, 277;
Luther and, 145–46; modern idea of his-
tory and, 284; in modern metaphysics,
262. See also determinism
Neoplatonism: Calvinism and, 127; church
fathers and, 82; Eckhart and, 35; Erasmus
and, 88, 97, 98, 147, 150–51; Ficino
and, 82, 83, 84, 85, 150, 163; Hellenistic
world and, 19; Hermeticism and, 82–83;
humanism and, 32, 70–71, 76, 81, 104,
168, 169; Islam and, 290; Luther and,
113, 125, 126; Pico and, 86; recovery of,
80–81, 82; scholasticism and, 20; selfconsciousness
and, 198; trinitarianism
and, 133, 316n47; Valla and, 79, 80,
81–82, 315n33
Newcastle, earl of, 217, 218
Newton, Isaac, 6, 83, 275, 297n15, 303n57
Nicholas of Cusa, 36, 74, 93, 174, 312n4,
314n23, 317n63
Nicholas of Oresme, 3, 174
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 73, 313n11
Nietzsche, Friedrich: Blumenberg on, 11;
on death of God, 13, 227, 273; Fukuyama
on, 298n21; on history as decline, 285;
on humanism, 72, 73; on man as animal,
358n41; on nihilism, 13; secularization
and, 254
nihilism, 13, 14, 283
Ninety-Five Th eses, 109
nominalism: atheistic materialism and, 36;
Augustine and, 57, 75; Bacon’s science
and, 39, 215; catastrophes of Middle
Ages and, 29, 301n29; cohesive system
of, 103; defi ned, 14; Descartes and, 40–
41, 171, 174, 183–84, 190, 192, 201, 204,
273, 337n97, 338n119; Erasmus and, 94,
95, 97, 99; as Franciscan theology, 27;
Gnosticism and, 11; God of, 15, 24–25,
29, 274, 300nn8–11, 300n17; Hobbes
and, 209–10, 215, 228–29, 231–34, 242,
249, 252, 254, 352n144; humanism
and, 32, 74–75, 261; Islamic thought
and, 291, 299n3, 361n3; Luther and, 27,
32–34, 103–8, 113–14, 117, 119, 125, 127, 131,
157–59; Machiavelli and, 92; modernity
and, 39–40, 261, 270, 273–74; Ockham
and, 21–24, 300n10; Pelagianism and,
28–29; Petrarch and, 30, 31, 50, 52, 60,
66, 67, 69, 74–75; Plato’s Parmenides