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Hobbes, Th. xxiii Hossiasson, J. 261n, 409 Hume, D. xxi–xxii, xxv, 10, 12q&n, 14, 20, 34n, 235&n, 263n, 313, 381q&n, 442n, 460 Huntington, E.V. 324n, 344, 365&n Jeans, J.H. 90, 219nq, 229q, 230q, 231q&n, 259q&n Jeffreys, H. 126n, 128n, 265n, 271n, 334, 365n, 382q&n, 383n, 384, 388nq, 397, 398&nq, 399q&nq, 400, 402, 409 Jordan, P. 159n, 191q&n, 201n, 217q&n, 222n, 300, 477q&n, 479 Kaila, E. 272&n–273, 375, 402, 409 Kamke, E. 137n, 142, 160&n, 161, 180n Kant, I. xiiiq, xx, xxv, 5, 7, 11, 22q, 23q&n, 34n, 58, 87, 94n, 314, 380n–381n, 476 Kaufmann, F. 41n Kemeny, J. 116n, 389n, 409q&nq, 410, 419&n, 421, 428n Kepler, J. 116, 119, 386, 387n Keynes, J.M. 6n, 68n, 102nq, 108n, 136&n, 146n, 171nq, 204, 248n, 252n, 253n, 263n, 270q&n, 272, 322n, 375, 382n, 402, 409, 421, 424&n, 428 Kirchof, G.R. 121 Klein, F. 119n Klein, O. 300 Kneale, W.C. 116n, 126nq–127n, 388nq, 446q&n, 447q&n, 449q–452&n, 451, 453, 455&nq, 457, 460, 463 name index 491 Kolmogorov, A. 320, 330q&n, 333, 353–4 Körner, S. 310n Kraft, J. 75n Kraft, V. 7n, 31n Kramers, H.A. 247 Kries, J. 108n, 206 Külpe, O. 6n, 107n Landé, A. 200n Laplace, P.S. 135&n, 378&n, 400n, 410, 431n, 432n, 435, 436 Laue, M. 231nq Leibniz, G.W. xxiii, 447nq, 450 Leverrier, U.K.J. 90n Levy, H. 322n Lewin, K. 274 Lewis, C.I. 424n Lewis, H.D. 309n, 443n, 452n Liebig, J. 7n, 9n Lobatschewski, N.I. 130 Locke, J. xxi–xxii Lorentz, A.H. 62, 212 Lummer, O. 90 Mace, C.A. 309n, 321n, 329n, 336n, 421n, 442n Mache, E. 9n, 14n, 55q&n, 66n, 90q&n, 128q March, A. 201nq, 214q&n, 215&n, 217q&n, 223, 227q&n Maxwell, J. xxvi, 210n Mazurkiewicz, S. 322n Menger, K. 33n, 34n, 115n Meyerson, E. xxv Michelson, A.A. 24, 63, 90, 212 Mie, G. 300 Mill, J.S. xxii, xxv, 13, 438 Miller, D.C. 46n Millikan, R.A. 266
492 name index Mises, R. 133, 135n, 137n, 138&n–141&n, 145n, 154&n, 160&n–162, 164, 181q&n, 254n, 318, 370–2 Morley, E.W. 46, 63, 90, 212 Natkin, M. 124 Nerlich, G.C. 463 Nernst, W. 72 Neumann, J. 223n Neurath, O. 76&n, 78&nq, 78q, 79, 261n Newton, I. xxiii, xxv, 28, 61, 82n, 154&n, 267&n, 386, 387n, 418n, 427, 443, 449, 470 Neyman, J. 135n Ogden, C.K. 112n Oppenheim, P. 428n Parton, H. 249 Pasteur, L. 44n Pauli, W. 62, 111, 300, 470–3 Peano, G. 46n Peirce, C.S. xxv, 135n, 424&n, 426 Planck, M. 9n, 16n, 111, 191n, 214, 246 Plato xxii Podolsky, B. 216n, 232n, 241n, 467, 467&n–470, 473, 481, 482 Poincaré, H. xxii, xxv, 57n, 131, 434&n Poisson, S.D. 168n, 175 Post, E.L. 254n Pringsheim, E. 90 Rabinowitsch, E. 135n Rayleigh, J.W. Strutt 201 Reichenbach, H. 4q, 5n, 6q&n, 7q&n, 124n, 137n, 142, 150n, 160n, 161n, 165nq, 227n, 252n, 253q&n, 254n, 255q&n, 258nq, 260&n, 261q&n, 287, 316, 318&n, 375, 402, 409 Reininger, R. 76q&n, 77&n, 94nq Rényi, A. 352n Rosen, N. 216n, 232n, 241n, 467&n–470, 473, 481, 482 Roth, L. 322n Russell, B. xxii, xxv, 34n, 46n, 47n, 71n, 112n, 260n, 324n, 410 Rutherford, E. 112n Schiff, K. 150n, 307n Schilpp, P.A. 37n, 91n, 366n, 462n, 469n Schlick, M. xiiiq, 14q&nq, 18q&n, 37n, 40n, 41nq, 122q&n, 124, 126q&n, 131q&n, 142n, 188n, 200n, 215q&n, 228q&n, 245q&n, 312, 313&nq Scholl, D. 191n Schopenhauer, A. 126n Schrödinger, E. 216n–217, 229n, 230, 262&n, 300, 303, 467, 483 Simon, A.W. 239&n, 242 Slater, J.C. 247 Smoluchowski, M. 165n, 169 Spann, O. 405q&n Spinoza, B. 277 Sraffa, P. 263n, 382n Stebbing, S. 461n Stumpf, C. 68n, 138n Suchting, W.A. 463 Tarski, A. 55n, 97n, 273nq, 322n, 329n, 453&n Thales xxiii
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The Logic of Scientific Discovery
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Logik der Forschung first published
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CONTENTS Translators’ Note xii Pr
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contents ix 7 37 Logical Ranges. No
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iii Derivation of the First Form of
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translators’ note xiii In these n
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION, 1934
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There is nothing more necessary to
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preface, 1959 xix Language analysts
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xxii preface, 1959 perception or kn
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preface, 1959 xxiii essence of phil
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preface, 1959 xxv elaborate and fam
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 1960 and 1968 I wi
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1 A SURVEY OF SOME FUNDAMENTAL PROB
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a survey of some fundamental proble
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trivial; for metaphysics has usuall
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non-contradictory, a possible world
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2 ON THE PROBLEM OF A THEORY OF SCI
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on the problem of a theory of scien
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Part II Some Structural Components
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38 some structural components of a
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5 THE PROBLEM OF THE EMPIRICAL BASI
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10 CORROBORATION, OR HOW A THEORY S
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284 appendices it is connected with
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APPENDIX ii The General Calculus of
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288 appendices —we obtain from (2
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APPENDIX iii Derivation of the Firs
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292 appendices (6,1) αF″(σ´ m.
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294 appendices after effect) in the
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296 appendices (b) An analogous met
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298 appendices position), then we a
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300 appendices incoherent photons.
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302 appendices interposition of a f
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304 appendices wave-packets (obtain
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306 appendices slit. This angle φ
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308 appendices latter, if we use hi
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310 new appendices The first two of
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APPENDIX *i Two Notes on Induction
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314 new appendices statements’;*
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316 new appendices be the source fr
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318 new appendices with the help of
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320 new appendices logical interpre
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322 new appendices It is desirable
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324 new appendices operations—con
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326 new appendices (3) It will be a
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328 new appendices (7) The derivati
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330 new appendices There are three
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332 new appendices that is to say,
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334 new appendices invalid, and sho
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336 new appendices simplified syste
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338 new appendices The following co
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340 new appendices able to show tha
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342 new appendices obtain p(a, c) =
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344 new appendices The second examp
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346 new appendices first consistenc
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348 new appendices S′ ={0, 1, 2,
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350 new appendices B1 is violated b
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352 new appendices always fill the
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354 new appendices It should be men
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APPENDIX *v Derivations in the Form
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358 new appendices (26) (Eb) (Ea) p
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360 new appendices (Applying B2 twi
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362 new appendices form: it is unco
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364 new appendices In order to prov
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366 new appendices which is neverth
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368 new appendices the other axioms
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370 new appendices between rain and
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372 new appendices in the widest po
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APPENDIX *vii Zero Probability and
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376 new appendices favourable possi
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378 new appendices (4) p(a) = lim p
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380 new appendices The same point m
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382 new appendices inferences from
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384 new appendices the required a a
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386 new appendices ‘universe’
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388 new appendices All this does no
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390 new appendices The fine-structu
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APPENDIX *viii Content, Simplicity,
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394 new appendices each entry repre
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396 new appendices But formula (*)
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398 new appendices (−) d(a 1)p(a
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400 new appendices thus becomes som
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APPENDIX *ix Corroboration, the Wei
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404 new appendices I will now brief
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406 new appendices of the brevity o
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408 new appendices who identify, ex
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410 new appendices Kemeny.) Therefo
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412 new appendices DEGREE OF CONFIR
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414 new appendices (4.5) C(x 1x 2 o
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416 new appendices strongly upon P(
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418 new appendices (vii) If C(x) =
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420 new appendices to be slightly a
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422 new appendices length, to take
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424 new appendices A THIRD NOTE ON
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426 new appendices (3) P(a) = P(a,
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428 new appendices behaviour of E a
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430 new appendices either if δ is
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432 new appendices statistical inte
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434 new appendices them, there is a
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436 new appendices statements e, f,
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438 new appendices simply deceive o
Page 469 and 470: APPENDIX *x Universals, Disposition
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Page 481 and 482: 452 new appendices physical theory
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Page 487 and 488: 458 new appendices differ (if at al
Page 489 and 490: 460 new appendices the world. And a
Page 491 and 492: 462 new appendices the phenomenalis
Page 493 and 494: APPENDIX *xi On the Use and Misuse
Page 495 and 496: 466 new appendices a gravitational
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Page 507 and 508: 478 new appendices photographic pla
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Page 513 and 514: 484 new appendices statistical desc
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Page 519: 490 name index Carnap, R. 7n, 13n,
Page 523 and 524: SUBJECT INDEX Italicized page numbe
Page 525 and 526: 496 subject index Binomial formula
Page 527 and 528: 498 subject index Cosmology, its pr
Page 529 and 530: 500 subject index Empirical basis s
Page 531 and 532: 502 subject index and ad hoc hypoth
Page 533 and 534: 504 subject index 150&nt, see also
Page 535 and 536: 506 subject index Modus Ponens 71n,
Page 537 and 538: 508 subject index 319-20; indutive
Page 539 and 540: 510 subject index 142&n, 154n, 174&
Page 541 and 542: 512 subject index experiment 474-5,
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