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456; essential 452; implicit 51–4;<br />

intentional and estensional 157,<br />

180, 182; operational 462&n;<br />

ostensive 42, 53–4, 60, 117–19,<br />

130; recursive 150n<br />

Demarcation between science and<br />

pseudoscience, as well as<br />

between science and<br />

metaphysics section 4, 11, 12,<br />

14–15, 16, 34&n, 66, 78, 314–15;<br />

certainty as, inadequate 14–15,<br />

17–18, 19, 41, 49, 59–60, 78, 278,<br />

280, 313–14; falsifiability as<br />

section 6, 17–20, 28, 33, 48,<br />

182–3, 190, 198, 265n, 266n,<br />

314–16, 445–6; meaning as,<br />

inadequate 12–15, 16–19, 309,<br />

see also Asymmetry; Certainty;<br />

Empirical character; estability;<br />

Falsifiability; Meaning, positivist<br />

dogma of; Verification<br />

Demarcation versus meaning 12,<br />

18n, 29n, 30–1, 40, 64n, 188&n,<br />

249, 312–13, 413<br />

Demonstrability 256t, 457n, see also<br />

Tautology<br />

Depth 446n, 452, 461<br />

Description, Russell’s theory of<br />

46n, 47n<br />

Determinism, metaphysical 40,<br />

199&n, 200–1&n, 210, 243–4,<br />

246–7, 434, 484<br />

Deviation, statistical 182, 184, 198,<br />

see also Fluctuation<br />

Dialectical method of resolving<br />

contradictions 34n, see also<br />

Methods, historical<br />

Dimension 97–8, section 38,<br />

114–18, 127, 128, appendix i,<br />

283–4, appendix viii, 394–8; of<br />

subject index 499<br />

probability statements 127, 182;<br />

reduction of, material and formal<br />

117t–19, 128, 129, 393–4,<br />

399–400, see also Decidability;<br />

Field of application<br />

Discovery 7–8, 15, 23, 28, 86,<br />

89–90, 250; accidental, rare 90,<br />

see also Falsification<br />

Discussion, critical 14&n, 15, 22n,<br />

28–9, 42, 59–60, 86, 199n, 253,<br />

410–11, 464–7; critical xx<br />

Disorder see Randomness<br />

Dispositions, Dispositionals 76, 81,<br />

444–5, 462, 463; degree of<br />

444–5, 445, see also Lawlike<br />

behaviour<br />

Disproof, no conclusive disproof<br />

can be produced 20, 28, 60–7<br />

Distribution of probabilities 140–1t,<br />

148, 150, 151, 152n, 153, 158, 159,<br />

193, 200, 201, 202, 369–73, 388n,<br />

429–30, 432n, see also<br />

Equidistribution<br />

Dogmatism 15, 28, 74–5, 78, 87,<br />

see also Meaning, positivist<br />

dogma of, its dogmatic character<br />

Duality of wave and particle<br />

presentations 215–16, 228–30,<br />

297n, 299–300, 477n–80,<br />

see also Complementarity<br />

Duhm-Quine thesis see Systems<br />

Economics 82<br />

Effect, occult 23t, 24n, 63, 82&n,<br />

195; reproducible 23, 24n, 67&n,<br />

190n, 191, 195, 198, 256, see also<br />

Lawlike behaviour; Observability;<br />

Regularity<br />

Elimination, method of 90–1,<br />

115–16, 125n, 279n, 383n, 438, 442

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