programa "logosi"

liberaliis daniSnulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, im sakiTxze,
Tu ra Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis Semcveli iyo liberis da
liberas saxelebi, SeiZleba damatebiT aRiniSnos: dario sabatuCis
marTebuli dakvirvebiT, am SemTxvevaSi "Tavisufleba"
gagebuli ar unda iqnes ubralod monobis sapirispiro fenomenad
(Sabbatucci 1988: 105 Smd.). gamoricxuli ar aris, rom
saerTo-indo-evropuli *h 1 leudh- zmnuri fuZidan cal-calke
momdinareobdes, erTis mxriv, "bavSvebi" da "mcenare" (laTinuri
liberi, Zveli irlandiuri lus "mcenare"), xolo, meores
mxriv, "xalxi, Tavisufali moqalaqeebi" (aqedan laTinuri
Liber, Libera, Liberalia):
"xalxi, Tavisufali moqalaqeni"
→ "Tavisufali"
*h 1 leudh- "gazrda"
"bavSvebi", "mcenare" 11
liberisa da liberas saxeSi TviTmyofadi romauli RmerTebis danaxvis
saSualebas aZlevs klasikur filologias (Sdr. Sabbatucci 1988: 105).
11 aq gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba gansxvavdeba zemoT citirebuli da agreTve
emil benvenistis Tvalsazrisisagan, romlis mixedviTac, cneba "bavSvebi"
laTinur samyaroSi momdinareobs cnebidan "Tavisufali", radgan bavSvebis
mSoblebi da/an sazogadoeba iyo Tavisufali (Benveniste 1969 I: 322-324; Mallory
and Adams 1997: 417; Vaan 2008: 338), da romelic cnebebis doneze SeiZleba
amgvarad gamoisaxos sqemis saxiT: "zrda" → "xalxi, Tavisufali moqalaqe"
→ "Tavisufali" → "bavSvebi". sakiTxis saboloo gadawyvetisaTvis
sagulisxmoa Semdegi garemoebani: 1) liberi laTinur samyaroSi, sadac cneba
"xalxis" aRmniSvneli sityva *h 1leudh- Ziridan ar aris miRebuli, SeiZleba
iseve uSualod momdinareobdes naxsenebi *"zrda" Ziridan, rogorc "xalxi".
am kuTxiT gamarTlebulad migvaCnia stiuart maniseuli rekonstruqcia
(Mann 1984/87: 682-683): *leudhis "tomi, xalxi" momdinareobs *leudhō
"gazrda" Ziridan da sxvadasxva indo-evropul enaSi gvaZlevs sityvebs
mniSvnelobebiT: "gundi, grova, (xalxi)" (albanuri), "eri" (Zveli zemo germanuli),
"bavSvebi" (laTinuri; warmoadgenda ara socialur, aramed asakobriv
termins ("mozardebi") (Benveniste 1969 I: 324) da Tavdapirvelad ixmareboda
mxolod mravlobiT ricxvSi; mxolobiTSi dasturdeba avgustusis
epoqidan). anu, rogorc vxedavT, zogierT enaSi moxda semantikuri gadaxra
(Sdr. Mallory and Adams 1997: 248: "*h 1leudh- Ziridan Tavdapirvelad miviRebdiT
cnebas "mzardi, mozardi", anu "axalgazrda Taoba"; amis Semdeg ki miviRebdiT
cnebas "xalxis Camoyalibeba, dazrda""). 2) verifikacias moiTxovs
emil benvenistis azri, rom laTinurSi liberi (asakobrivi termini) momdinareobs
liber-idan (socialuri termini: "Tavisufali"). am SemTxvevaSi gansamartia,
ratom ar miviReT imTaviTve cneba "bavSvi" (mxolobiTSi). 3) "Tavisufalis"
ubralod "ara monad" gaazrebisas auxsneli rCeba RmerT liberis
funqcia da liberaliis arsi. 4) emil benvenisti ugulebelyofs an-
233