Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Friday August 16th Lectures
Longyearbyen, Norway. - E-mail:
klaus.hoiland@bio.uio.no
ITS and LSU rDNA sequences of 48 species (ITS) and a
subset of 29 species (LSU) of Cortinarius from the
Northern Hemisphere were studied. Gymnopilus sapineus
was the outgroup taxon. Phylogeny from the ITS data was
studied by: maximum parsimony followed by successive
weighting (MPsw), maximum likelihood analysis (ML),
and neighbour joining (NJ). In all analyses, the subgenera
Telamonia and Dermocybe were monophyletic. MPsw also
rendered subgenus Phlegmacium as monophyletic if we
accept Rozites caperatus, C. limonius (formerly subgenus
Leprocybe), and subgenus Myxacium section Colliniti
belonging to this subgenus. A tentative taxonomy of
Cortinarius is: (1) subgenus Dermocybe with its 'classical'
inventory. (2) subgenus Telamonia comprising the 'old'
Telamonia species (minus C. obtusus) together with
species formerly placed in Sericeocybe or Leprocybe. (3)
subgenus Phlegmacium, also comprising some species
from Leprocybe and Myxacium, and the genus Rozites. (4)
subgenus Cortinarius, a paraphyletic group positioned at
the bottom of the phylogenetic tree consisting of
miscellaneous species from the 'old' subgenera. The LSU
sequence data had few variable sites, and the phylogeny
was not so obvious as from ITS. MPsw gave following
indications: Telamonia is monophyletic, Rozites is inside
Cortinarius, C. cinnabarinus belongs to Telamonia, C.
obtusus falls outside Telamonia. The analysis could not
support Phlegmacium as monophyletic. Dermocybe
appeared paraphyletic on the LSU tree.
399 - Evolution of subgenus Phlegmacium in light of its
pigment chemistry - a case of 'trivialization' and loss of
character diversity?
T.E. Brandrud
Norwegian institute for nature research (NINA), P.O.Box
736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, Norway. - E-mail:
tor.brandrud@ninaosl.ninaniku.no
Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium includes many
spectacular, bright-coloured species, especially in sect.
Fulvi ss. lat. (incl. sect. Scauri ss. Mos. p.p.). Section Fulvi
has more than 60 different anthraquinonic pigments,
mainly of the atrovirin, flavomannin and phlegmacin
series. These pigment series are probably developed
independently, from different precursors, and occur in
different species. It is thus likely that sect. Fulvi is a
polyphyletic group, even though it is morphologically
homogeneous based on numerical character analyses.
According to chemical pathways, the atrovirin-containing
species (subsect. Atrovirentes), and the ones with the least
methylated flavomannins and phlegmacins (subsect.
Splendentes and Rufoolivacei) are the most primitive.
These species are characterised by (i) high pigment
concentrations, (ii) high diversity of pigments, and (iii)
easy oxidized compounds. The supposed primitive pigment
characters are co-occurring with extreme 'phlegmacioid'
features such as (i) bright colours, (ii) strongly glutinous
surfaces, (iii) marginate bulb, (iv) citriform, coarsely
verrucose spores, and (v) lack of brown encrusting-parietal
pigments. The supposed derived species possess more
'trivial', 'telamonioid' characters such as brown colours and
a clavate stem. It seems thus that the ongoing evolutionary
trend in Phlegmacium is a kind depauperation of pigment
diversity, going from spectacular to more trivial looking
organisms.
400 - Molecular systematics in the genus Inocybe
(Agaricales)
P. B. Matheny 1* , Y. J. Liu 2 , J. F. Ammirati 1 & B.D. Hall 2
1 University of Washington, Departments of Botany, Box
351330, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. - 2 University of
Washington, Departments of Botany and Genetics, Box
355325, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A. - E-mail:
matheny@u.washington.edu
Three genes are employed to infer the phylogeny of
Inocybe, a genus of ectomycorrhizal agarics distributed
world-wide but particularly diverse in temperate regions of
the northern and southern hemispheres. Partial DNA
sequences of RPB1, RPB2, and nuclear large subunit
ribosomal RNA (nLSU) all indicate Inocybe is
monophyletic and composed of several lineages. Combined
RPB1 and RPB2 DNA sequences and amino acid data
reveal the I. calamistrata group (sect. Cervicolores)
occupies the most basal branch in the clade and that
subgenus Mallocybe, which includes the I. dulcamara
group, is monophyletic. However, these results are not
supported by all data sets. Members of the I. rimosa group
(sect. Rimosae) appear polyphyletic based on RPB1 and
nLSU data. Strong support is shown in all instances for the
monophyly and derived status of species with metuloid
cystidia, but nodulose-spored taxa are polyphyletic.
Examples of cystidiate clades include the I. lanuginosa
group and I. geophylla group. Several novel relationships
have also been detected: (1) a southern hemisphere
mallocyboid clade including the tropical West African I.
aureoplumosa and undescribed taxa from Australia,
including a secotioid form; and (2) a monophyletic group
of several species with nodulose spores from neotropical
Dicymbe-dominated forests in Guyana. RPB1 and nLSU
data suggest the saprophytic genus, Phaeomarasmius, is
indeed sister to Inocybe, although these two data sets are
incongruent for some taxa.
401 - Distribution of Cortinarius in the world flora and
their relations to phanerogams. An update
M. Moser
University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020
Innsbruck, Austria. - E-mail: Meinhard.Moser@uibk.ac.at
The genus Cortinarius was for a long time regarded as
being restricted to the temperate Northern and Southern
Hemisphere associated with Pinaceae, Fagales, Eucalyptus,
Tilia and Dryas. The work of Favre initiated the interest in
Book of Abstracts 125