Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme IV: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECOLOGY Posters
962 - Community structure and diversity of below
ground ectomycorrhiza fungi in Danish beech (Fagus
sylvatica) forest with different cropping history
K. Føns * & R. Kjøller
Department of Mycology, Botanical Institute, University of
Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, Dk-1353
Copenhagen K, Denmark. - E-mail: kirstenf@bot.ku.dk
The aim of this work is to compare the below ground
community of ectomycorrhiza fungi in Danish beech forest
sites with different cropping history. Six locations in Grib
Skov, Northern Zealand, Denmark were studied. A
monoculture of 100 years old beech trees are growing on
all six locations, and the cropping histories of these
locations are well described since early 1800s. At this time
200 years old naturally regenerated beech were growing in
the locations. This tells us that beech have been continuous
at least for 400 years, and probably for many more
hundreds years at the locations. At three of the locations
the continuity of beech was broken from about 1830 to
1900 with Norway Spruce (Picea abies). All the six
locations were replanted with beech again in 1900. The
different cropping histories give us a unique chance to
study, whether broken continuity after 100 years can have
an impact on the ectomycorrhizal community. Previously,
the under story herbal communities at these same locations
have been shown to differ between the continous and noncontinous
plots (Flemming Rune, Danish Forest and
Landscape Research Institute, unpublished data) In 2001, at
late spring and early autumn soil cores were taken in the
six plots. From the samples ectomycorrhiza fungi on the
roots are sorted by a combination of morhotyping and ITS-
RFLP and identified by sequencing. The first results on the
ectomycorrhizal community structure at these sites will be
presented in this poster.
963 - Seasonal distribution of higher filamentous fungi
in a subtropical estuary
M. Fraser 1 , S. Schatz 2 , H. Laubach 3 , A. Rogerson 1 & C.
Vogel 1*
1
Nova Southeastern University, College of Oceanography,
8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania FL 33004, U.S.A. - 2 Nova
Southeastern University, Colleges of Optometry and
Oceanography, Davie FL 33314, U.S.A. -
3 Nova
Southeastern University, College of Medical Sciences,
Davie Fl 33314, U.S.A. - E-mail: vogelc@nova.edu
Little is known of the distribution of higher marine fungi
along tropical and subtropical estuarine salinity gradients
and how species composition may change seasonally. To
examine these trends, five stations were set up along the
New River Estuary in south Florida, USA. Salinity,
dissolved O2 and pH were measured bimonthly. Substrates
for collection were submerged panels of white oak
(Quercus alba) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsugu menziessi).
One pair per station was collected every three months,
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Book of Abstracts
incubated and observed for fungi. Twelve species were
identified (4 Ascomycetes, 8 Deuteromycetes). The
Ascomycetes Halosphaeria quadricornuta and Verruculina
enalia were the dominant species by frequency of
occurrence. Some species showed a physiological
preference for higher salinity waters. The terrestrial species
Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were
isolated from the low salinity station and Trichocladium
achrasporum was isolated only from the high salinity
location. Despite no apparent patterns of seasonal
distribution, successional patterns were discernible.
Maximum species diversity occurred during the first three
months which is consistent with previous findings.
Compared to temperate studies species diversity was low
suggesting interference behavior. Many species observed at
low frequencies are cosmopolitan or temperate. Our
observations indicate that salinity and temperature directly
influence species composition and abundance in
subtropical estuaries.
964 - The impact of global warming on the mycorrhizal
fungal community of a Canadian High Arctic site
K.E. Fujimura * & K.N. Egger
University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University
Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. - E-mail:
fujimurk@unbc.ca
The impact of global climate change is hypothesized to be
more prevalent in arctic than temperate ecosystems.
Experiments have shown that increase of temperature by
the use of open-top chambers (OTCs) has impacted plant
growth and phenology. However, data on the impact of
global warming on the mycorrhizal fungal community are
scant. The objective of this study is to examine the impact
of increased air and soil temperature on the mycorrhizal
fungal community. Three sites, each containing three plots,
were chosen at Alexandra Fiord, Nunavut Canada. Air and
soil temperatures were increased using 1-m diameter
OTCs, which have been on the sites for at least five years.
Plots within 2 m of the OTCs were used as ambient
controls. Dominant plant species Cassiope tetragona,
Dryas integrifolia, Salix arctica, and Saxifraga
oppositifolia were harvested from warmed and control
plots. Root tips were randomly selected for DNA extraction
and morphological analysis. Mycorrhizal fungal
communities were assessed with terminal restriction
fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, a
technique that has previously been applied primarily to
bacterial community analysis. Representative fungal
isolates were sequenced to determine phylogenetic
affiliations. Comparisons between warmed and ambient
plots will be presented.