Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme II: SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION Posters
633 - A new winter-fruiting hyphomycete on wood of
black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) in the eastern
United States
G.F. Bills
Centro de Investigación Básica, Merck Sharp & Dohme de
España, S.A., Josefa Valcárcel 38, E-28027 Madrid, Spain.
- E-mail: gerald_bills@merck.com
A new hyphomycete, tentatively assigned to the genus
Cadophora, is described based on studies of field
collections and culture morphology, and analyses of the
ITS region of ribosomal DNA. The fungus is found
consistently on the undersides of decorticated logs,
branches, and stumps of Robinia pseudoacacia in the
eastern United States. Collections have been observed from
Connecticut southward to Virginia and westward into
Ohio. The fungus forms membranous, sporodochial
conidiomata on decorticated wood of R. pseudoacacia. The
conidiomata develop early in the winter and persist until
spring. The fungus can be isolated from soil in the
proximity of R. pseudoacacia and was once recovered from
river silt in Maryland. Ribosomal DNA ITS sequences
exhibit high homology with the ITS sequences of
Phialocephala fortinii, various ericoid mycorrhizal fungi,
and Mollisia species. Phylogenetic placement near Mollisia
is consistent with the habitat on decorticated wood and
darkly pigmented, phialidic conidiogenous cells that
produce simple ameroconidia.
634 - Expansion of the genus Trichoderma: addition of
seven new species from Eurasia
J. Bissett 1 , I. Druzhinina 2 , C.M. Kullnig-Gradinger 2 , G.
Szakacs 3 & C.P. Kubicek 2*
1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and
Oilseed Research Center, Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6, Canada. - 2 Institute
for Chemical Engineering, Microbial Biochemistry and
Gene Technology Group, Technical University of Vienna,
Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. -
3 Department of Agricultural Chemical Technology,
Technical University of Budapest, 1111 Budapest, Gellert
ter 4, Hungary. - E-mail:
ckubicek@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at
Species of the deuteromyceteous genus Trichoderma are
cosmopolitan and typically soil-borne or wood-decaying
fungi, some of them being economically important because
of their production of industrial enzymes (cellulases and
hemicellulases), antibiotics, and their action as biocontrol
agents. In order to fully exploit this potential, we started a
study of the global biodiversity of the genus. Thereby a
number of unique strains were obtained which were
culturally and genetically dissimilar to all of the about 40
known taxa of Trichoderma. Here we characterize seven of
these strains as new species, all originating from Eurasia,
and assign them to the established sections of the genus: T.
192
Book of Abstracts
taiwanense and T. effusum to section Longibrachiatum; T.
helicum, T. rossicum, T. velutinum, and T. cerinum to
section Pachybasium; and T. erinaceum to section
Trichoderma. Parsimony analysis, using ITS1 and 2 and
tef1 gene sequences, strongly confirm these placements and
also clearly distinguish these new species from
morphologically similar species.
635 - Phylogenetic significance of adaptive structures of
macromycete sporophors
M.A. Bondartseva
V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of
Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Str. 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- E-mail: mbond@iz6284.spb.edu
During last two centuries the approaches in study of fungi
changed from the recognition of macromorphological
characters to the microscopic and molecular ones
nowadays. The last ones are available to the limited
number of taxa with extrapolation of the morphologically
similar species to the same group. New knowledge
stimulates the diversity in interpretation of the data and
reflects in multiplicity of the systems. New approach in
regarding of fungi relationships consists in dividing
characters to the groups of ecologically active, that
connected directly with fungus adaptation to the
environment (morphology of fruit body etc.) and
ecologically inert (basidia and spores features, clamps etc.).
As genetic relationships reflect in morphological similarity,
and adaptation to the environment comes to be on the base
of definite hereditary, modus variability being historically
limited, it is possible to differentiate phylogenetic
relationships and convergent likeness, as well as progress
with the rise of evolutionary level and adaptive allogenetic
evolution on the same evolutionary level. There are many
examples to confirm this view. When evaluation of
taxonomic characters in dependence on its adaptation to the
environment agree with the molecular data it means the
selected criteria are right, if not - attentive study to find the
reason must be made and conclusions have to be more
cautious.
636 - Taxonomic monograph of Fusicladium, Pollaccia
and Spilocaea (Hyphomycetes, Venturia anamorphs
p.p.)
U. Braun 1* , A. Ritschel 2 & K. Schubert 1
1
Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Geobotanik und
Botanischer Garten, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle,
Germany. -
2
Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Botanisches
Institut, Spezille Botanik/Mykologie, Auf der Morgenstelle
1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. - E-mail:
braun@botanik.uni-halle.de
The genera Fusicladium Bonord., Pollaccia E. Bald. & Cif.
and Spilocaea Fr. (hyphomycetes) have recently been