Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Thursday August 15th Lectures
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245 - A phylogenetic overview of the groups of fungi
and fungus-like organisms that attack nematodes
R.G. Thorn
Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario,
London, N6A 5B7, Canada. - E-mail: rgthorn@uwo.ca
This talk will provide an introduction to the groups of
nematode-destroying 'fungi', a guild of fungi and funguslike
organisms that attack living nematodes and consume
them as food. These organisms may be important in
regulating nematode populations in nature and, in certain
circumstances, may act as biological control agents of
nematode pathogens and parasites of crop plants and
livestock. Over 400 species of predatory and parasitoid
nematode-destroying fungi are known, including
approximately 150 species of Basidiomycota
(Hyphodermataceae and Pleurotaceae), 130 species of
Ascomycota (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreaceae and
Orbiliaceae), 100 Zygomycota (Cochlonemataceae,
Helicocephalidaceae, Meristacraceae and Zoopagaceae), 10
Chytridiomycota (Catenariaceae), and 40 Oomycota
(Stramenopila: Myzocytiopsidaceae). In predatory species,
one spore germinates to form a mycelium capable of
attacking many nematodes; in parasitoids, each propagule
attacks a single nematode. In the nematode-destroying
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, possession of a sexual
state is apparently correlated with the predatory habit.
Although the ability to attack and kill nematodes has arisen
multiply (as has a marvellous diversity of means to achieve
this end), this has not been a random process. Where well
known, groups of nematode-destroying fungi are
apparently monophyletic.
246 - Teleomorph-anamorph connections in Orbiliaceae
D.H. Pfister * & K.F. LoBuglio
Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. - E-mail:
dpfister@oeb.harvard.edu
With the establishment of the teleomorph anamorph
relation between certain of the hyphomycetous nematode
trappers and the Orbiliaceae several phylogenetic and
biological questions have come to light. Using molecular
phylogenetic methods it has been suggested previously that
the Orbiliaceae occupies a phylogenetic postion near the
base of the Euascomycota tree along with the Pezizales.
While the nematode trapping life style exists in several
fungal groups there is no evidence of nematode trapping in
the groups most closely related to the Orbiliaceae. We will
present further molecular sequence data, particularly from
the LSU rDNA and the RPB2 genes supporting the
placement of the Orbiliaceae in this basal position. The
implications of this specialized type of life strategy as
represented in a basal member of the Euascomycota will be
discussed.
247 - Beyond Saccardo: a new generic system for
nematode-trapping orbiliaceous hyphomycetes
M.S. Scholler 1* & G. Hagedorn 2
1 Purdue University, Department of Botany & Plant
Pathology, U.S.A. - 2 Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land-
und Forstwirtschaft, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse. 19, 14195
Berlin, Germany. - E-mail: scholler@purdue.edu
Perfect states are unknown for the majority of orbiliaceous
nematode-trapping fungi. Therefore, generic concepts for
anamorphs have been developed in which the morphology
of conidia and conidiophores were preferentially used for
generic delimitation. The mode and morphology of the
trapping device, however, was only considered for species
delimitation. A new concept is proposed with the mode of
trapping device as the main morphological feature for
generic delimitation. This new concept includes four
genera, viz. Arthrobotrys Corda em. forming adhesive
networks, Drechslerella Subram. em. forming constricting
rings, Dactylellina M. Morelet em. forming stalked
adhesive knobs, and Gamsylella gen. nov. producing
adhesive columns and unstalked knobs. The concept
corresponds well with molecular (rDNA sequences:18S,
ITS I, II) and some ecological, physiological, and
biological features. Also, chlamydospore formation,
distribution, and host range are, to some degree, genusspecific.
248 - Nematode endoparasites with verticillium-like
anamorphs
W. Gams 1* & R. Zare 2
1 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. - 2 Dep. of Botany,
Plant Pests and Diseases Res. Inst., P.O. Box 1454, Tehran
19395, Iran. - E-mail: gams@cbs.knaw.nl
Verticillium comprises many unrelated anamorphs. The
type and the best-known plant-pathogens are
Phyllachorales. Verticillium-like anamorphs of
Clavicipitaceae, previously in sect. Prostrata, are
distributed over several genera. Many are entomogenous or
fungicolous, some discrete groups are nematode
endoparasites. A phylogeny-based distinction separates
Book of Abstracts 79