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IMC7 Main Congress Theme IV: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECOLOGY Posters Nitrogen is a major factor of the lichen biodiversity in maritime Antarctica. At coastal habitats, there is a luxuriant lichen flora because of nutrition by the sea and animals, while the lichen flora in inland habitats is rather poor. The percentage of taxa containing nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria either as primary or secondary photobiont is increased in inland communities. We have investigated the cyanobionts of lichens occurring at two ice-free locations on Livingston Island: inland habitats of South Bay and Byers Peninsula. The cyanobionts of two lichens with primary cyanobiont (Leptogium puberulum, Massalongia carnosa) and three species containing Nostoc in cephalodia (Placopsis contortuplicata, P. parellina, Psoroma cinnamomeum) were examined using molecular techniques and compared with free-living Nostoc colonies found in the area. Nucleotide sequences of the cyanobacterial tRNALeu intron were employed as genetic markers. Preliminary results suggest that different species at the same location share a common cyanobiont. 1060 - Small scale distribution pattern of ectomycorrhizal types in a red oak stand J. Wöllecke * , S. Gebhardt & R.F. Hüttl Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Box 101344; D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. - E-mail: jenswoellecke@ektomykorrhiza.de Forest soils, especially the organic layers are very heterogenious substrates. Parameters like water content, pH value or the organic content could vary in the range of millimetres. Fungal mycelia or ectomycorrhizae are dispersed dependent of the heterogeneity of micro-habitat conditions. Beyond, the spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizae is influenced by interspecific interactions. As a result of all these influences, the ectomycorrhizal coenosis form a mosaic structure in the soil. At present, very few data on micro-scaled distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi are available. First investigations started in recent years. To find characteristic structures of ectomycorrhizal coenosis in different scales, is one of our goals. Therefor we map the ectomycorrhizae in a coherent soil volume. This project is established in red oak stands of former mining sites and compare these afforestations with stands growing on undisturbed soil. Soil units of 6 cm width, 100 cm length and 3 cm depth taken from the top organic soil layer are divided in subunits of two to two cm and one cm depth. These subunits are solved in water and the ectomycorrhizae are qualitatively recorded. Maps will visualize the distribution of the ectomycorrhizae. We know from investigations in Scots pine stands, that the assemblage of ectomycorrhizal types can vary between sides and that nearly the half of all combination of ectomycorrhizal types never grow together in the same micro-habitat. 320 Book of Abstracts 1061 - The longevity of Cordyceps humberti on Icaria wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) A. Wongkaeo 1 , N.L. Hywel-Jones 2* , S. Sirimungkararat 1 & W. Saksirirat 1 1 Khon Kaen University, Facultu of Agriculture, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. - 2 BIOTEC-Mycology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Pahonyothin RD., Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. - E-mail: nigelhj@biotec.or.th Cordyceps stromas persist for some time but little work has been done on longevity of individual stromas. Identification of a Cordyceps humberti epizootic in Nam Nao National Park, Thailand provided an opportunity to examine longevity of individual stromas. Cordyceps humberti and Hirsutella saussurei infected Icaria sp. The nest (ca. 80 cm long, 50 cm across) was in a tree at ca. 10 m. Infected wasps were found up to 30 m radius from the nest. Wasps were attached by their mouth-parts to the leaf margin. Bamboo was a preferred substrate for settling but dicotyledonous plants were also used. The first wasps were seen in August (1999). Thirty wasps were tagged and observations made every 3-4 dy. Five of 27 specimens were Cordyceps while the rest were the Hirsutella form. However, after 1 month, of 23 specimens remaining 13 were the Cordyceps form. Of 27 specimens recorded, 17 were lost within 100 dy while 4 survived 100-200 dy and 5 specimens were documented from 200-300 dy. One specimen was still present at the end of the work (513 dy). Significantly, of persistent specimens, 2 produced 2 crops of perithecia. One specimen remained in the Hirsutella form for 169 dy before synnemata were lost and it entered a dormant state. After ca. 15 days of dormancy new synnemata developed and ca. 30-40 dy later the Cordyceps developed. This work demonstrates that in Cordyceps humberti perithecia can be produced over an extended period with hosts providing material over more than one season. 1062 - The structure of symbiotic communities: population-level patterns of association between lichen fungi and their algal photobionts R. Yahr 1* , P.T. DePriest 2 & R. Vilgalys 1 1 Duke University, Department of Biology, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A. - 2 Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. - E-mail: ry2@duke.edu Morphological and molecular studies have largely rejected broad coevolutionary patterns between lichen fungi and their photobionts, but theory predicts that populations of intimate symbionts become locally coadapted to each other and to their environment. In the place of broad-scale phylogenetic congruence, we test this alternative hypothesis of fungal-algal association on a population-level
IMC7 Main Congress Theme IV: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECOLOGY Posters geographic scale. Over 150 samples representing eight Cladonia species with their green algae Trebouxia were collected from five populations and sequenced for ITS. Three distinct well-supported clades of algae were identified, and each clade was found in each sampled population. Of the eight sampled fungi, six are restricted to a single clade of algae, and the other two fungi can be found with either of two clades of algae, even in the same population. Patterns of association between fungi and their algae differ among lichens, but in all cases, fungi appear selective, consistently associating with only a subset of all algal clades available in the local environment, regardless of where the lichens are collected. Furthermore, at the genotype level, some evidence is found for even stronger patterns of association, with four cases of single algal genotypes restricted to one fungal species in a given population. These patterns of association of fungi and algae vary but are consistent with strong fungal preference and in some cases support the model of local geographic patterns of coevolution. 1063 - Ophiostoma species associated with bark beetles infesting three Abies species in Okunikko, Japan Y. Yamaoka 1* , H. Masuya 2 , N. Ohtaka 1 , H. Goto 3 & S. Kaneko 4 1 Inst. Agr. For., Univ. of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan. - 2 Tohoku Res. Ctr., For. Forest Prod. Res. Inst., Shimokuriyagawa,Morioka, Iwate 020- 0123, Japan. - 3 For. Forest Prod. Res. Inst., Kukisaki, Inashiki, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan. - 4 Kansai Res. Ctr., For. Forest Prod. Res. Inst., Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan. - E-mail: yyamaoka@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp Ophiostoma species were isolated from bark beetles and Abies mariesii, A. veitchii and A. homolepis infested with the beetles in Okunikko, Tochigi, Central Honshu, Japan. One to two Ophiostoma species were frequently isolated from each species of bark beetle. Ophiostoma subalpinum was the most common associate of Cryphalus montanus. This fungus is known to be the most dominant associate of C. montatus and C. piceae in wave regeneration forests of Abies species in central Japan. Ophiostoma sp. B as well as O. subalpinum were common fungi associated with Polygraphus proximus. Ophiostoma europhioides was isolated from Dryocoetes hectographus and D. autographus as one of the common associates. Ophiostoma sp. J and sp. S were frequently isolated from D. autographus and O. striatus, respectively. These fungi seem to have specific relationships with particular bark beetles. Ophiostoma sp. B, sp. J and sp. S have unique morphological characteristics and appear to be new species. 1064 - Investigation of phylloplane yeasts in Taiwan S.-H. Yang & P.-H. Wang * Depatment of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70, Lin- Hsi Rd, Shin-Lin, Taipei 11102, Taiwan. - E-mail: phwang@mail.scu.edu.tw Seventy nine yeast strains were isolated from phylloplane of eight plants species in the campus of Tunghai University in Taiwan. Eleven species were identified and five of them presented on one plant only: Kodamaea kakaduensis and Sporidiobolus johnsonii on Ipomoea cairica; Cryptococcus magnus, Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula sp. on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Six yeast species distributed on different plants. Aureobasidium pullulans presented on Euphorbia tirucalli L., Oxalis violacea Linn. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Discosphaerina fagi and Sporidiobolus pararoseus presented on Calocedrus formosana and Oxalis violacea Linn.; Pseudozyma aphidis presented on Oxalis violacea Linn., Mussaenda parviflora and Ageratum houstonianum; Cryptococcus laurentii presented on Calocedrus formosana, Oxalis violacea Linn., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Ageratum houstonianum; Cryptococcus sp. presented on Acer serrulatum Hay. and Ageratum houstonianum. Black yeast found from all plants we investigated except Ipomoea cairica. Distributions of some phylloplane yeasts seem to associate with the species of plants, and some yeasts were widespread on different plants. 1065 - Identification of fungi associated with algae using PCR-amplified sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA fragments and DGGE A. Zuccaro 1* , B. Schulz 1 & J.I. Mitchell 2 1 Institut für Mikrobiologie Thechnische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany. - 2 School of Biological Sciences King Henry Building Portsmouth, Po1 2DY, England, U.K. - E-mail: alga.zuccaro@t-online.de Since the introduction of molecular techniques, such as PCR and DGGE, in environmental microbiology, great steps forward in the comprehension of microbial diversity have been made. This method is now routinely used to analyse bacterial community diversity and dynamics. The application of these techniques to estimate fungal diversity and follow community structure, however, is poorly developed. Consequently, fungi are often omitted from ecological community analyses. In this study, PCR primers and DGGE conditions were optimised for use in environmental studies of marine fungi associated with macroalgae. Current fungal community analysis usually involves only PCR-amplified sequences of the 18S rRNA gene. PCR primers used for this gene show little fungal specificity, which is required to detect fungal sequences that might be rare in the environment. Five different PCR primer pairs were tested to amplify rRNA genes from 20 fungi isolated from Fucus serratus. Two primer pairs Book of Abstracts 321
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Page 367 and 368: Cavernularia: 356 Cenococcum: 500,
Page 369 and 370: Hyalorbilia: 479 Hyalorhinocladiell
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Order Index Agaricales: 40, 50, 51,
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Vukojevic, J.: 363 Vurro, M.: 116 V
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