Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme IV: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ECOLOGY Posters
degradation after some period of service. It is known that
natural and synthetic polymeric materials undergo a
process of decomposition after a period of service and the
main biological agents of it are filamentous microscopic
fungi-micromycetes (MM). The goal of the present study
was to find out the community of MM for a maximal
biodegradational activity against the drying oil cladding on
the base of the natural component (linseed oil). Active
strains of MM which were isolated from different
polymeric materials were used to make the inoculation
communities: I - including Aspergillus niger, A. versicolor,
Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. funiculosum,Trichoderma
koningii; II - Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus,
Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium frequentans, P.
notatum; III - Aspergillus glaucus, A. terreus, A. ustus,
Alternaria alternata, Penicillium brevicompactum. It was
found that the different communities of MM colonized oil
cladding to different extent. The areas of colonization
varied from 60% to 100% for II and III communities and
from 40% to 50% for the I community. The inoculation by
the I community resulted in maximal loss of oil cladding
(up to 13.3% of the starting weight). So, the first
community of MM has the maximal biodegradational
activity against the drying oil cladding.
1017 - Formation of communities of micromycetescolonizers
of municipal waste during the composting
N. Nugaeva * , E. Vedenyapina & E. Lebedeva
Komarov Botanical Insitute of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Str., St. Petersburg 197376,
Russia. - E-mail: fungi@mail.ru
Micromycetes (MM) are the best known decomposers of
different polymeric products, which comprise the main part
of municipal waste (MW). The research has been focused
on mycological monitoring of MW composting and was
first carried out in Russia. The results obtained
demonstrated that the spontaneous communities of
micromycetes-colonizers of MW were undergoing seral
succession and mechanisms of species replacement in
fungal communities were different. It was established that
species and biochemical diversity of MM increased to the
the end of the composting process. Successions of MM
tended to formation of a stable heterogenic and
polyfunctional community. This heterogenic climax
community can withstand the environmental changes and
can provide the production of a high-quality compost.
Biologically high-quality compost should serve not only as
a source of organic matter at soil applications but also as a
source of soil suppressivness inhancement and biological
control. Compost should be free from phytotoxic and
pathogenic species of MM, the microbe community of the
final product should be stable and include beneficial for
plants species. However, it was found that final compost
communities contained species with negative effect on
plant and human populations. Certain complexes of MM
possesing positive properties for composting and
enviroment were suggested for the introduction at the
definite stages of succession during composting.
1018 - Habitat differences of coprophilous organisms on
moose dung
Å. Nyberg 1* & I.-L. Persson 2
1 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå
University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. - 2 Department of
Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden. - E-mail:
asa.nyberg@eg.umu.se
Dung from cervids supports a species-rich community, but
few studies have been done on forest-living species. In
order to test whether differences in species composition
may be explained by habitat-specific differences, we
studied coprophilous fungi developing on moose dung of
homogenous origin, composition and age in an area in
northeastern Sweden. Of the 26 species of fungi found, 12
species were new to the region, 17 had never been
observed on moose dung and 2 species were not previously
described. We found a significant difference in species
composition between the three habitats studied, with low
number of species in the spruce forest and about a three
fold increase in the pine forest and the open mire. Species
diversity was negatively associated with degree of insect
attack. This suggests that insects feeding either on the dung
or the fungi (spores, mycelium) may be an important factor
explaining the observed pattern. In order to test this
hypothesis we need experiments including insects
exclusion.
1019 - Comparative enumeration of anaerobic fungi
from different herbivores
E. Ozkose 1* , G.W. Griffith 2 & D.R. Davies 3
1
Sutcu Imam University, Animal Science Department,
2
Kahramanmaras, Turkey. - University of Wales
Aberystwyth, Biological Sciences, Aberystwyth, SY23 3BY,
3
U.K. - Institute of Grassland and Environmental
Research, Animal Science department, Aberystwyth. SY23
3EB, U.K. - E-mail: eozkose@ksu.edu.tr
Determination and comparison of anaerobic fungal
populations from the faeces of cattle, sheep and horses
were carried out. Similarities and differences, in terms of
population density between the faeces and rumen digesta of
same individual were also assessed. The effects of using
different substrates in the most probable number (MPN)
dilution series on the population density were also studied.
The MPN technique was used to enumerate fungal
populations and counts were expressed as thallus forming
units (Log 10 tfu g DM -1 ). Mean value of MPN counts
obtained from fresh faeces were as follow; cattle = 5.61;
sheep = 4.41 and horse = 4.76. Fungal counts obtained
from horse and sheep were similar (P > 0.05), whilst cattle
contained significantly more anaerobic fungal tfu in their
faeces than either sheep or horse (P < 0.05). The mean
MPN values of faeces and ruminal digesta of 3 cattle were
as follows; fresh faeces = 5.22; frozen faeces = 4.92 and
Book of Abstracts 307