Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Friday August 16th Lectures
423 - Human exposure to ochratoxin A: Analytical
methods for determining ochratoxin A in wine and beer
and as a biomarker in human urine
M. Pascale * & A. Visconti
Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, V.le
L. Einaudi, 51 - 70125 Bari, Italy. - E-mail:
m.pascale@area.ba.cnr.it
Ochratoxin A (OA), a mycotoxin widely distributed in
various foodstuffs and beverages, has been shown to be
nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic to
several animal species and to cause kidney and liver
tumours in mice and rats. IARC has classified OA as a
possible carcinogen to humans (Group 2B). The
widespread occurrence of OA in human blood provides
evidence of a continuous human exposure to this
mycotoxin. Wine and beer are products widely consumed
by adult individuals and, due to the high frequency of
contamination with OA, they may represents a serious
source of daily OA intake for human. A new analytical
method for the determination of OA in wine and beer has
been recently developed by the authors and validated by an
inter-laboratory study. The method, based on the use of
immunoaffinity columns and HPLC, has been recently
adopted by the AOAC International, CEN (European
Committee for Standardisation) and OIV (Office
International de la Vigne et du Vin) as official method. In a
recent study carried out in the UK, a good correlation
between OA consumption through the diet and OA
concentration in urine was observed suggesting that urine
could provide a useful marker of OA intake. A rapid and
accurate method, based on immunoaffinity columns and
HPLC, to quantify OA at pg/ml levels in urine has been
developed by the authors. The method can be used as a
rapid and non-invasive tool to assess human and animal
exposure to OA in epidemiological studies.
424 - Changes in concentration of mycotoxins during
storage of wheat
B. Birzele
Institute for Plant Diseases, Dept. of Agricultural and
Food Microbiology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer
Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany. - E-mail: b.birzele@unibonn.de
Species of the genera Fusarium, Penicillium and
Aspergillus are well-known for their occurrence on grains
and their ability to produce mycotoxins. Whereas Fusarium
invade and damage grains predominantly on the field, they
are increasingly displaced by Penicillium and Aspergillus
during storage. Fusarium species produce a variety of
mycotoxins, of which deoxynivalenol (DON), a Btrichothecene,
is detected most frequently and in highest
concentrations. DON is mainly produced on the field by F.
graminearum and F. culmorum. Ochratoxin A (OTA),
which is one of the mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus
and Penicillium species, does not normally occur before
harvest and is therefore considered to be a storage toxin.
Due to its carcinogenicity and nephrotoxicity it is regarded
to be the toxicologically most important mycotoxin
occuring during storage of wheat. It was the purpose of the
studies presented to investigate the influence of different
suboptimal storage conditions on the viability and
mycotoxin production of Fusarium and
Penicillium/Aspergillus species and to deduce information
about their inter-relationship during suboptimal storage.
For that reason, DON and OTA contents were quantified
and set into relation to the frequency of fungal isolation
and biomass.
425 - Penicillium species in food leftovers intended for
feed
I. Skaar * & M. Torp
National Veterinary Institute, Department of Food and
Feed hygiene, P.O.Box 8156 Dep. 0033 Oslo, Norway. - Email:
ida.skaar@vetinst.no
Swill feeding was widespread in Norway until feeding of
unsterilized swill was prohibited due to the high risk for
spreading of contagious animal diseases. However, there
has been increasing interests for utilisation of food
leftovers for animal feed, especially for pigs and fur
animals. The authorities want to avoid food leftovers on
waste disposal sites and at the same time utilize this
resource in production of an economic feed. Plants
producing liquid feed from food have been established
several places in Norway. Food leftovers from large-scale
households and food industry are actual resources. Since
food leftovers have variable composition, a high number of
mould species and mycotoxins may be expected. In a
descriptive study of the fungal flora of food leftovers
intended for feed, altogether 89 samples of food waste
were subjected to mycological examinations. Genus
Penicillium was demonstrated in 88% of the samples with
mean count 5,5 ×10 5 KDE/g. Altogether 31 Penicillium
species were demonstrated, of which 8 were demonstrated
in ≥10% of the samples. The species most frequently
demonstrated were P. crustosum, P. roqueforti, P.
viridicatum, P.brevicompactum, P. aurantiogriseum, P.
chrysogenum, P. expansum and P. echinulatum. Genus
Penicillium does produce a high number of mycotoxins,
which makes it difficult to choose indicator-toxins for feed
based on food leftovers. Further studies on toxin
production in food leftovers are in the process.
426 - Mutualism and antagonism in bark beetle-fungusmite
interactions
K.D. Klepzig 1* , R.W. Hofstetter 2 , M.P. Ayres 2 & J.C.
Moser 1
1 USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA
71360, U.S.A. - 2 Dartmouth College, Gilman Hall,
Hanover, NH 03755, U.S.A. - E-mail: kklepzig@fs.fed.us
Book of Abstracts 131