Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme V: CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Posters
in complete darkness. We also revealed proteins spots that
were newly expressed after light stimulation and localized
in pileus. These suggests that many of proteins involved in
fruit body induction in F. velutipes are expressed after
temperature reduction, and involved in pileus induction are
expressed after light stimulation.
1170 - Ultrastructure and biochemistry of hyphae of
different zone of growth in a fruiting colony of
Pleurotus pulmonarius
C. Sánchez 1* , G. Díaz-Godínez 1 & D. Moore 2
1 Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apartado Postal 129,
Tlaxcala, Tlax. C.P. 90000, Mexico. - 2 The University of
Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester
9PT, U.K. - E-mail: sanher6@hotmail.com
In a fungus colony, hyphae from the peripheral zone (i.e.
young hyphae) are responsible for colony expansion. On
the other hand, hyphae from the central zone (i.e. mature
hyphae) may differentiate into reproductive structures. It
has previously been observed that when P. pulmonarius
cultures were stained by using conventional histological
stains the peripheral zone of the colony (PZC) and the
fruiting structures were stained, but the central zone of the
colony (CZC) was unstained. In this research, the
ultrastructure and biochemistry of hyphae from the PZC
and CZC of a fruiting colony of P. pulmonarius, developed
on potato dextrose agar were studied. The wall thickness of
hyphae from the CZC was approx. twice that of hyphae
from the PZC (0.15 and 0.07 µm, respectively). Hyphae
from the PZC had about twice glycogen content and 50%
higher protein content (501 and 18 mg/g dry biomass (dX),
respectively) than those from the CZC (237 and 11 mg/g
dX, respectively). The cell wall of hyphae from the CZC
had about twice soluble and insoluble glucans content (7.7
and 6.4 mg/g dX, respectively) that of hyphae from the
PZC (3.8 and 3.4 mg/g dX, respectively). The histological
differences between young and mature hyphae of a colony
of P. pulmonarius, particularly in the cell wall and the
amount of cytoplasmic material present in the hyphae,
suggest that the wall is used as a temporary nutrient reserve
during development of Pleurotus.
1171 - Stability of some commercial mushrooms in
Thailand after continuous subcultures of mycelia for
production
W. Sattayaphisut 1 , N. Boonkerd 1 , N. Teaumroong 1 & S.
Rodtong 2*
1 School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural
Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. - 2 School of Microbiology,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology,
Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. - E-mail:
sureelak@ccs.sut.ac.th
The decrease in fruiting body yields commonly occurs in
the mushroom production in Thailand when mycelia
obtained from continuous subcultures are used. The
stability of commercial mushrooms: Auricularia auricula,
Agrocybe cylindracea, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus
polychrous, L. squarrossulus, Pleurotus ostreatus,
Pleurotus species under names P. cystidiosus and P. sajorcaju,
and Tricholoma crassum, after continuous
subcultures of mycelia for production twenty times was
investigated. Mycelial growth rates and fruiting body
yields were determined. The PCR-RFLP technique was
also tried to be employed for the preliminary detection of
fungal genetic stability. After the twentieth subculture,
growth rates and fruiting body yields of all mushrooms
were found to be rather consistent except Auricularia
auricula giving the decrease in both its growth and yield
after the third subculture then reversing to be stable
through the subsequent subcultures. For the detection of
genetic stability, all fungal species gave consistent DNA
patterns (600-800bp PCR products from ITS4 and ITS5
primers, and the unique RFLP pattern of each species when
the DNA was digested with either AluI, TaqI, MboI, or
HinfI) except A. auricula giving the different pattern of
HinfI digest after the third subculture which was
corresponding to its growth and yield reduction. The
genetic stability of mushrooms should be examined after
continuous subcultures of mycelia prior to application in
the large scale production.
1172 - Long-term exposure of lichens to high
atmospheric CO 2 under controlled conditions: effects
on morphology and chemistry
M. Saunders * & D. Armaleo
Duke University, Department of Biology, Box 90338,
Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A. - E-mail: saunders@duke.edu
The lichens Usnea strigosa and Parmotrema hypotropum
were collected at the FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) site
in operation near Duke University. FACE technology is
able to monitor and maintain open-air sites with
atmospheric CO2 levels kept either at ambient (^500 ppm)
or enriched (^700 ppm) values. Flora is grown under
natural conditions realistically simulating future
concentrations of atmospheric CO 2. This setup, in
operation for 15 years, is ideal for monitoring long-term
effects of CO 2 enrichment throughout the lichens' lifespan,
with a degree of control not possible in earlier studies. Both
species of lichens were collected almost exclusively from
the bark of Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees from
both CO2-enriched and control sites. Each specimen was
photographed, sectioned, and observed by standard and
fluorescence microscopy. The secondary compounds were
extracted to near completion (^95%) and quantified (in
reference to thallus dry weight) by digital analysis of Thin
Layer Chromatography data. Significant differences in
micro-anatomy and chemistry were found between the
lichens collected in the high CO2 and control sites.
Book of Abstracts 355