Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters
mulch. Twenty six cultures were obtained and, on the basis
of fruitbody morphological characters, placed into one of
the three following species: M. elata, M. deliciosa, M.
esculenta var. crassipes/angusticeps. Maitake has been
grown, using the Japanese bag method, to assess the
response of this fungus to eucalypt substrate ameliorated
with different percentages of rice bran, maize meal and
wheat bran. Findings indicate that only relatively small
quantities of additive will be required for successful
cultivation. The development of an artificial cultivation
system for Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) is
commercially desirable and necessary to ensure the
survival of this highly prized mushroom. Interaction
studies between the fungus and host Pinus lateral roots are
being undertaken to elucidate the infection process and to
understand the exact nature of this atypical symbiosis. In
collaboration with the University of Tasmania, the
researchers are offering on-line and residential courses on
specialty gourmet and medicinal fungi.
900 - The inmpact of Phytophthora cinnamomi in
National Parks in New South Wales, Australia
B.A. Summerell 1* , K.D. McDougall 2 & J.L. Walsh 1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. - 2 National
Parks and Wildlife Service, Queenbeyan, ACT, Australia.
Although Phytophthora cinnamomi is regarded as having a
significant impact on native vegetation in many parts of
southern Australia, the pathogen has been considered
benign and possibly endemic in New South Wales. The
evidence for the different behaviour in NSW has included
that 1) P. cinnamomi is extremely widespread and easy to
detect in soils, 2) generally susceptible genera such as
Banksia are unaffected when it is present (suggesting a
long host/pathogen interaction), 3) multiple plant deaths
associated with P. cinnamomi are extremely rare and 4) P.
cinnamomi has been recovered in remote areas (suggesting
that it is endemic). Recent surveys of National Parks in
eastern NSW have found that although P. cinnamomi is
widespread it cannot be detected in some areas despite
extensive soil sampling. Although most Banksia spp. seem
to be relatively resistant to symptoms of infection, other
taxa (especially some Xanthorrhoea spp.) are very
susceptible. The loss of Xanthorrhoea cover may adversely
affect threatened animals such as the Smoky Mouse and
Southern Brown Bandicoot, which use the plants for cover
and nesting. Glasshouse susceptibility trials have shown
that a number of rare taxa are very susceptible to infection
and molecular analysis has shown that while some
variation occurs in populations this variation is limited.
Phytophthora cinnamomi may be widespread in NSW,
however it is doubtful that it is endemic and is certainly not
always benign.
901 - The survey of spring barley and rye
contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins (artificial and
natural infection)
S. Sykorova * , L. Papouskova, V. Sip, J. Chrpova & J.
Hysek
Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovska 507,161
06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. - E-mail: sykorova@vurv.cz
Majority of wheat and barley varieties are susceptible to
Fusarium spp. infection, and there is no host specificity in
the species F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Using
quantitative ELISA method the DON content was
determined in the samples of spring barley artificially
infected by F. culmorum. 12 varieties were tested in 2000
and 19 in 2001. The other 32 spring barley and 15 rye
samples were earned from 32 districts of the Czech
Republic. The DON content in artificially infected barley
in 2000 varied from 5,1 to 19,1 ppm (average 9,7 ppm); in
2001 from 1,3 to 8,2 ppm. In 2000 the correlation between
DON content and TGW-values was close (r = -0,89). The
comparison of DON content and TGW values in 2000 and
2001 was performed. DON content in 2001 was lower than
in 2000 and TGW- values were in 2001 higher than in
2000. Monitoring of DON content and mycological control
in barley samples confirmed DON appearance in all
samples (0,03 to 3,77; average 0,4 ppm). The limit value
was exceeded in the one case. F. graminearum was in 2001
prevailing toxinogenic species. Its occurrence is consistent
with higher levels of DON. It confirmed that mycological
control of all studied samples is need. There is also evident
that toxinogenic species F. culmorum was replaced in 2001
by F. graminearum which was strong producer of DON
too. The DON content found in tested rye samples was
very low ( 0,02 to 0,33 ppm) and therefore the mycological
control was not done.
902 - Pyrenopeziza betulicola and Marssonina betulae
leaf spot fungi in birch: Monitoring the disease
development
L. Syrjälä * & M. Poteri
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Juntintie 40, 77600
Suonenjoki, Finland. - E-mail: leena.syrjala@metla.fi
In late summer and autumn birch (Betula sp.) leaves are
full of spots caused by fungi. Often these fungi are also a
reason for premature yellowing and defoliation, which may
reduce growth and frost hardening of trees. In Finland
common necrotic leaf spots causing species are
Pyrenopeziza betulicola and Marssonina betulae. Though
these fungi have been characterized and found to be
common, there are very few studies of their infection
biology or disease development in trees. We have studied
leaf spot fungi - Betula pendula - interaction. Because
global climatic change is assumed to increase atmospheric
ozone and CO 2 concentration in the future, we have also
followed the effect of these gases on the development of
Book of Abstracts 271