Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters
mangium from two sites in Sumatra. Total phenol levels
were highest in inner heartwood and discoloured wood.
Analysis by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry
revealed that condensed tannins and a range of flavonoids
(e.g. tetrahydroxyflavonone) were mainly responsible for
this increase. Studies of the antifungal nature of these
extracts in bioassays will be presented as well as
anatomical investigations.
807 - Study of of onychomycosis in Tehran
Sh. Bassiri * & A.A. Khaksar
Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran Pasteur Ave. Kargar St.
No.69 (13164), Iran. - E-mail:
pooyan20002000@yahoo.com
Fungal infection of the nail, also known as onychomycosis,
is a worldwide problem. It is estimated that onychomycosis
constitutes 15-22% of all nail disorders. It is also known
that 2-5% of the adult population in Europe have
onychomycosis. This problem is quite common in the
dermatology clinic of the countries in the Midle East, India
and the Far East. The infection rates and types of fungi
involved in onychomycosis vary with conditions such as
age, sex, occupation, hygiene, foot wear and several
enviromental and climatic factors. This study reports the
causative agents of onychomycosis in the presented
patients in the section of Medical Mycology, Pasteur
Institute of Iran. The 1985 patients were examined for
onychomycosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by
demonstration of fungi in direct (KOH 20%) and cultured
examination. Onychomycosis was proven in 601 patients.
350 patients was femailes (59%) and ranging in age from 3
mounths to 84 years old. In the present study,
onychomycosis was observed to be more common in
females than in male. In this study Dermatophytes was
51%, Candida 46% and other molds was 3%.
808 - Effects of selected Penicillium mycotoxins in food
waste on pig lymphocytes
A. Bernhoft 1* , M. Keblys 1 , A. Flåøyen 1 & H.J.S. Larsen 2
1 National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., N-
0033 Oslo, Norway. - 2 Norwegian School of Veterinary
Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway. - Email:
aksel.bernhoft@vetinst.no
The six Penicillium mycotoxins citrinin, cyclopiazonic
acid, ochratoxin A, patulin, penicillic acid, and
roquefortine C may be present in mouldy food and are
known or suspected to be immunomodulators. The aims of
our study were to determine the effect on lymphocyte
proliferation of individual toxins and their combinations.
We used an in vitro method that expresses the direct
mycotoxin effect on T-lymphocytes and implies a
simplification of the immunotoxic effect elicited from in
vivo exposure. Blood samples were collected from
clinically healthy pigs of 3-4 months age. The mitogen
concanavallin A and pure mycotoxins were added to
isolated lymphocytes and incubated, before further
incubation with tritiated thymidine. Cell proliferation was
measured as radioactivity ingested by the cells. Ochratoxin
A and patulin were the most potent inhibitors of
lymphocyte proliferation. Based on molar concentrations,
these toxins were 15, 30, 40 and 65 times more potent
inhibitors than penicillic acid, citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid,
and roquefortine C, respectively. Examination of the
cellular response of toxin combinations revealed that
ochratoxin A and citrinin elicited synergistic effect. Other
pair combinations showed additive, independent or
antagonistic effects. As occurring mycotoxins may elicited
very different kinds of interactive effects, the sum effect of
mouldy food may be difficult to predict.
809 - Occurrence of fine root pathogens in native scots
pine forests of North Scotland
W.J.A. Bodles 1* , S. Woodward 1 & C. Leifert 2
1 University of Aberdeen, Department of Agriculture &
Forestry, MacRobert Building, 581 King Street, Aberdeen
AB24 5UA, Scotland, U.K. - 2 University of Newcastle,
Tesco Centre for Organic Agriculture, King George VI
Building, Newcastle, England, U.K. - E-mail:
w.bodles@abdn.ac.uk
Soil samples were removed from around Scots pine trees in
five semi-natural and plantation forests in the north of
Scotland. Pathogens were isolated by apple baiting from
the soil samples and identified to the genus level using
microscopy. Genera identified included species of Pythium,
Phytophthora, Fusarium (Nectria) and Verticillium.
Further characterization of isolates using ITS PCR and
sequencing identified several potential pathogens,
including Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, Pythium
undulatum, Phytophthora cinnamomi var. cinnamomi,
Nectria gliocladiodes, Nectria galligena and Verticillium
rexianum. Different pathogen species were not present in
all forest areas sampled. In tests of virulence on Scots pine
seedlings, isolates had varying effects on root system
development in both in vitro and potted plants. The
apparently widespread occurrence of fine root pathogens in
native Scots pine forest areas suggests that these organisms
may have a role in fine root turnover dynamics in forest
ecosystems and could impact on overall tree health and
regeneration potential in different microclimates.
810 - Acute toxicity of two toxigenic strains of fungi
isolated from poultry feed on locally produced saudi
arabian fertilized eggs and chicks
F. Bokhari
King Abdu Aziz University, P. O. Box 12161, Jeddah
21473, Saudi Arabia. - E-mail: fmbokh@kaau.edu.sa
Book of Abstracts 243