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IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters 889 - Performance of Pinus roxburghii inoculated with pure culture of four indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi G. Shresta Royal Nepal Academy of Science & Technology (RONAST, P.O.Box. No. 3323, Kathmandu, Nepal. - E-mail: geetashrestha1@hotmail.com Many ectomycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the sporocarps of different places such as (Dadheldhura, Makwanpur and Palpa district etc.) of pine forest of Nepal.Out of the isolated ectomycorrhizal fungi, four different ectomycorrhizal fungi namely Astraeus hygrometricus, Boletus sp., Lycoperdon pyriforme and Pisoolithus arrijus. These four fungi were subjected to pure culture synthesis. These fungi were selected from the pot culture experiment. Then these four indigenous pure ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated in nursery Pinus roxburghii for their performance at two nursery sites, Godavari forest nursery and Chalnakhel forest nursery sites. Their performance were observed after six, nine and twelve months of seedlings. Inoculated seedlings attained better shoot height and had better root length. more lateral roots, more mycorrhizal roots, more weight of shoot and more weight of root per plant. The inoculated transplants had higher survival rate in the field as compared to those which were not inoculated. 890 - Effect of immunization against candidiasis after ultrasonic treatment of fungal keratoconjunctivitis D.S. Silin Odessa State Agrarian University, Department of animal pathology, of.11, 65, Kanatnaya str., Odessa, 65012, Ukraine. - E-mail: silin12@hotmail.com Ocular candidiasis was diagnosed in six 12-weeks old Persian kittens after four-weeks unsuccessful treatment of chronic keratoconjunctivitis by Sofradex. Bilateral corneal erosions and conjunctival infiltrations were detected. Examination of corneal scrapings revealed oval, yeast-like cells attributable to Candida albicans. Examination of conjunctival fluid samples by ELISA revealed decreasing of Immunoglobulins A and G quantity with absence of specific IgA and IgG to Candida whole-cell antigens. Ultrasound treatment was applied on right eyes of all cats for determination of antifungal activity and immunostimulation of ultrasound in course of 10 applications daily by 10 minutes with 0.2 W/cm2 dosage. Almost full healing was occurred in all, even in contralateral eyes after treatment. Candida cells were absent, specific IgA to Candida whole-cell antigens were detected in high titers. Probably, ultrasound destroyed Candida cells and delivered antigens through epithelium to immune representative cells followed by local humoral immune response formation. Local immunity was stimulated by ultrasound as well. This immune response was not limited in exposed eyes, but was expanded to 268 Book of Abstracts contralateral eyes due to specific immune cells exchange. Thus, ultrasound can be useful for some transmucous vaccine delivery systems and for specific treatment without infectious agents determination, particularly, in parasiteocenotic cases. 891 - Role of salicylic acid in systemic resistance induced by Pseudomonas spp. against Macrophomina phaseolina in chickpea T. Singh * & A. Dilip Banaras Hindu University, Department of Botany, B.H.U., Varanasi, India. - E-mail: singhtanu71@rediffmail.com Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 4-92, applied to roots, induced systemic resistance against charcoal rot disease in chickpea roots caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Salicylic acid (SA) from bacterial culture on plant tissues was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. P. fluorescens produced SA in king's B broth and also induced chickpea roots to accumulate endogenous SA one day after bacterial inoculation. Using a split root system, more SA accumulated in roots treated with bacteria than in distant roots on the opposite side of the root system in the first two-three days, but this difference disappeared after 5-6 days. SA levels were significantly higher in plants treated with bacteria compared to the split control, from one to six days after bacterization. SA did not inhibit sclerotial growth of M. phaseolina at 100-200 µg ml -1 , invitro, but higher levels inhibited sclerotial growth. Exogenously applied Sa failed to induce local or systemic resistance against a challenge infection by the pathogen in planta. The results of this study show that exogenous applied SA does not induce systemic resistance against charcoal rot disease in chickpea root caused by M. phaseolina, but endogenous SA accumulation in chickpea roots may be involved in induced systemic resistance. 892 - Investigations of Phytophthora infestans oospores in Moscow region A.N. Smirnov 1* , S.A. Kuznetsov 1 & S.N. Elansky 2 1 Moscow Agricultural Academy, Lystvennichnaya al. 2, Moscow 127550, Russia. - 2 Moscow State University, Vorobjevi gory Moscow 119899, Russia. - E-mail: nik.smi@g23.relcom.ru Our purpose was to investigate naturally formed oospores in Moscow region. On the presence of oospores, 1099 blighted potato leaves, 123 tomato leaves, and 188 tomato fruits were checked. The frequency of oospores in potato leaves was 5.6%. In tomato fruits and leaves the oospores were found more often. Their frequencies were 22.8 and 42.0% respectively. This can make the problems for tomato cropping in Moscow region. The oospores had a quite different morphology. They varied in size (their diameter
IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters was from 18 µ to 48 µ), thickness of the wall, as well as in the presence of antheridium and the form of oogonium. According to these features, in 1999 and 2000 45 morphological types were established among detected oospores. They corresponded to different stages of oospore maturation. The oospores can be formed as a result of cross-fertilization between mycelia of A1 and A2 mating types (hybrid oospores), as well as of self-fertilization, and of parthenogenesis (non-hybrid oospores - from one mycelium). Studying the distribution of mating types and morphology of oospores it was possible to assess their origin. It was found that in 1999 and 2000 non-hybrid oospores occurred much more often than hybrid oospores. The estimated frequency of hybrid oospores was about 15%. The hybrid and non-hybrid oospores may have different role in the infection cycle of P. infestans. 893 - The needle blight fungus Delphinella abietis attacks Abies species in western Norway H. Solheim Norwegian forest research institute, Høgskoleveien 12, 1432 Ås, Norway. - E-mail: halvor.solheim@skogforsk.no During the last decade the needle blight fungus Delphinella abietis has been attacking various Abies species in western Norway. A clonal trial with subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) was seriously attacked in 2000. It was significant differences between clones in the attack. Some clones were heavily attacked while others were free for symptoms. In a greenery trial of Nobel fir (Abies procera), most branches had good quality until 1994 when 31% of the branches were discarded after attack by D. abietis. Since then a high level of losses has been noted and 87% of the branches were discarded in 2000. It seems that frost did not initiate or maintain the disease in the stand, but generally low temperatures may have been important. 894 - Toxicological characterisation of animal feed using in vitro methods A. Solyakov 1* , E. Jonsson 1 , V. Wenehed 2 , P. Haggblom 1 & A. Forsby 2 1 Dept of Animal Feed, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden. - 2 Dept of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. - E-mail: Alexey.Solyakov@sva.se Mould growth on animal feed is a worldwide problem that can reduce the quality of the feed. It is known that moulds can produce mycotoxins, which can be mutagenic, carcinogenic but also neurotoxic. Poisoning by mycotoxins can cause suffering for animals, massive economical losses and a possible transfer of toxins to humans via the foodstuffs. Therefore there is a need for identification of feed of bad quality that may possess hazards to animals and/or humans. Aspergillus fumigatus, which is known to produce, among other toxins, gliotoxin, was chosen for development of a screening method for various toxic substances in animal feed. Three matrixes - maize, commercial animal feed and wheat - were adjusted to water content 12, 21 and 32%, and inoculated with A. fumigatus for 3 days, 2 and 4 weeks at 37 °C. The samples were extracted and purified by solid-phase technique. HPLC and LC-MS was used to detect gliotoxin as a marker of toxic substances produced by A. fumigatus. No gliotoxin was detected in the samples. The purified extracts were also applied to the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and the general cytotoxicity was determined. The extracts showed to be cytotoxic to the SH-SY5Y cells. The results indicate that the screening method based on the SH-SY5Y cells can be used for screening of toxic metabolites of A. fumigatus. Further research is in progress to investigate if the method can be applicable for other toxic substances. 895 - A nucleic acid probe detects different species of Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from five fruit crops K. Sridhara Gupta 1* , R.D. Rawal 2 & A. Vani 2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore - 560 065, India. - 2 Division of Plant Pathology, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Hessarghatta, Bangalore - 560 089, India. - E-mail: sridharagupta@hotmail.com Fruit crops play a major role in the economy of the country. Pestalotiopsis species causes leaf spot, leaf blight and fruit rot diseases in many fruit crops. The reports in the literature say that the Pestalotiopsis species are named after the host it is isolated from. To overcome this discrepancy, in the present studies, the pathogen was isolated from the leaves of mango grapes, guava, sapota and macadamia, from the berries and canes of grapes and also from fruits of guava. The pathogen was cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Total Nucleic Acid of the fungus was isolated from each isolate. A 5.3 kb EcoRI fragment generated from genomic DNA of the mango isolate was labeled with DIG and was used as a probe. Genomic DNA of the fungus isolated from mango, sapota and grape leaf bound to the probe strongly while that from grape berries, macadamia and guava bound to the probe only at low stringency. The isolate from grape cane did not bind to two other pathogens commonly found on fruit trees namely Greenari uvicola and Colletotrichum capsici. Morphological differences in the spores and cross-pathogenicity of these isolated were also found. 896 - Enhancement of seedling vigour and biological control of Alternaria leaf spot of chili (Capsicum annum L.) using Trichoderma harzianum A. Srivastava * & J. Mishra PG Department of Botany, SMM Town PG College, Ballia, 277 001, U.P., India. - E-mail: aloksrivastva@hotmail.com Book of Abstracts 269
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Cavernularia: 356 Cenococcum: 500,
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Hyalorbilia: 479 Hyalorhinocladiell
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Phlebopus: 828 Pholiota: 304, 515 P
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Verrucaria: 616 Verruculina: 963 Ve
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Order Index Agaricales: 40, 50, 51,
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Bogomolova, E.V.: 1078 Bohar, Gy.:
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Vukojevic, J.: 363 Vurro, M.: 116 V
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