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IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters Isolates of Trichoderma harzianum enhanced seedling vigour in Chili (Capsicum annum) germinated in potting soil. When chili seeds were sown in the potting soil inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum 25-92 or 29-92 the germination rate increased by 15 and 20%, respectively, compared with water treatment control. After 5 days of growth, the average plant height increased by 25 and 39%, respectively; the average fresh weight increased by 33 and 36%, respectively. The level of nitrogenase, peroxidase, glucanases, chitnases and average phenolic content in the roots was evaluated as key indicators of vigour. 1.5 to 3 fold increase in nitrogenase, peroxidase and chitinase was recorded, whereas, the phenolic contents increased by 18 and 17%, respectively. There was no any significant increase in glucanses in roots. Total chlorophyll in first, second and third leave was increase by 35-56%. The plants were exposed to Alternaria solani by spraying the conidial suspension on leaves of 3-week-old plants previously assesed for enhanced vigour. No disease was recorded on the plants indicated that pretreatment of chili seedlings at nursery level with Trichoderma isolates induced resistance in the plants. 897 - Use of a microcosm system for biological screening against Botrytis cinerea on Pinus sylvestris seedlings E. Stenström * , K. Capieau & J. Stenlid Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, Sweden. Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is the most common and serious pathogen in all Swedish forest nursery production. Most nurseries make use of fungicidal spraying programs to prevent grey mould infections. Biocontrol has so far not been tested in forest nurseries even if biological control agents (BCA) are used internationally in agriculture. We set up and standardised an inoculation method in a microcosm system, which would allow us to screen fungal and bacterial isolates against B. cinerea. In this microcosm system small P. sylvestris seedlings are heat stressed before inoculated with a spore solution containing pathogen spores, BCA or a combination of those. Results are scored ten days after inoculation by examining the seedlings for the presence of B. cinerea's conidia. To test the reliability of this microcosm system method, the performance of three commercial biocontrol products, in suppressing B. cinerea on pine seedlings was tested. Those results were then compared with two other testing systems, laboratory experiments and field trials using the same commercial products. In all three testing systems we found that the commercial products Binab TF.WP TM and GlioMix TM performed better than Mycostop TM and we concluded that the similarity of the results between the different testing systems was a strong indication for the usefulness of the microcosm system in screening isolates against B. cinerea. 270 Book of Abstracts 898 - Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and a fermented milk on the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species J. Stiles 1* , V. Carter 2 & L.B. Bullerman 3 1 University of Nebraska, 319 FIC, Lincoln 68583-0919, U.S.A. - 2 University of Nebraska, 318 FIC, Lincoln 68583- 0919, U.S.A. - 3 University of Nebraska, 349 FIC, Lincoln 68583-0919, U.S.A. - E-mail: jstiles2@unl.edu This study was done to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus VT1 and skim milk fermented by this strain on the growth of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium commune. Initially, live bacterial cells (0.1% v/v, 1% v/v, 10% v/v), as well as skim milk fermented by L. rhamnosus VT1 (0.1% v/v, 1% v/v, 10% v/v), were added to modified MRS broth, which was simultaneously inoculated (1% v/v) with Aspergillus niger or Penicillium commune. The cultures were incubated at 30 °C for 10 days. The mycelial weight and the pH of the broth were determined on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. All concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus VT1 as well as the fermented skim milk were found to significantly reduce the growth rate of both Aspergillus niger and Penicillium commune in modified MRS broth. However, the L. rhamnosus VT1 treatment was slightly more effective than the fermented milk treatment at controlling mycelial growth of both P. commune and A. niger. Lactobacillus rhamnosus VT1 at 1% caused a 50% reduction in mycelial weight of P. commune and a 36% reduction in mycelial weight of A. niger at 10 days of incubation, while the fermented milk caused a 27% reduction in mycelial weight of P. commune and a 34% reduction in mycelial weight of A. niger for the same time period. These results suggest that L. rhamnosus VT1 has potential as a biological control agent of molds in the food industry. 899 - Research and education in specialty gourmet and medicinal fungi in Tasmania, Australia K. Stott 1 , W. Gill 2 & C. Mohammed 3* 1 Specialty Gourmet and Medicinal Fungi Research, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Tasmania, 7008, Australia. - 2 Huon Valley Mushrooms, Main Road, Glen Huon, Tasmania, 7109, Australia. - 3 School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia. - E-mail: caro.mohammed@utas.edu.au The research group at the Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research is the main research and euducation provider for the specialty mushroom industry in Australia. Current research projects investigate the edible fungi: Grifola frondosa (Maitake), Morchella species (Morel) and Tricholoma matsutake (Matsutake). The edible fungus Morchella has been collected in Tasmania, in situations ranging from forest through to garden soil and bark chip
IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters mulch. Twenty six cultures were obtained and, on the basis of fruitbody morphological characters, placed into one of the three following species: M. elata, M. deliciosa, M. esculenta var. crassipes/angusticeps. Maitake has been grown, using the Japanese bag method, to assess the response of this fungus to eucalypt substrate ameliorated with different percentages of rice bran, maize meal and wheat bran. Findings indicate that only relatively small quantities of additive will be required for successful cultivation. The development of an artificial cultivation system for Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) is commercially desirable and necessary to ensure the survival of this highly prized mushroom. Interaction studies between the fungus and host Pinus lateral roots are being undertaken to elucidate the infection process and to understand the exact nature of this atypical symbiosis. In collaboration with the University of Tasmania, the researchers are offering on-line and residential courses on specialty gourmet and medicinal fungi. 900 - The inmpact of Phytophthora cinnamomi in National Parks in New South Wales, Australia B.A. Summerell 1* , K.D. McDougall 2 & J.L. Walsh 1 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. - 2 National Parks and Wildlife Service, Queenbeyan, ACT, Australia. Although Phytophthora cinnamomi is regarded as having a significant impact on native vegetation in many parts of southern Australia, the pathogen has been considered benign and possibly endemic in New South Wales. The evidence for the different behaviour in NSW has included that 1) P. cinnamomi is extremely widespread and easy to detect in soils, 2) generally susceptible genera such as Banksia are unaffected when it is present (suggesting a long host/pathogen interaction), 3) multiple plant deaths associated with P. cinnamomi are extremely rare and 4) P. cinnamomi has been recovered in remote areas (suggesting that it is endemic). Recent surveys of National Parks in eastern NSW have found that although P. cinnamomi is widespread it cannot be detected in some areas despite extensive soil sampling. Although most Banksia spp. seem to be relatively resistant to symptoms of infection, other taxa (especially some Xanthorrhoea spp.) are very susceptible. The loss of Xanthorrhoea cover may adversely affect threatened animals such as the Smoky Mouse and Southern Brown Bandicoot, which use the plants for cover and nesting. Glasshouse susceptibility trials have shown that a number of rare taxa are very susceptible to infection and molecular analysis has shown that while some variation occurs in populations this variation is limited. Phytophthora cinnamomi may be widespread in NSW, however it is doubtful that it is endemic and is certainly not always benign. 901 - The survey of spring barley and rye contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins (artificial and natural infection) S. Sykorova * , L. Papouskova, V. Sip, J. Chrpova & J. Hysek Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovska 507,161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. - E-mail: sykorova@vurv.cz Majority of wheat and barley varieties are susceptible to Fusarium spp. infection, and there is no host specificity in the species F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Using quantitative ELISA method the DON content was determined in the samples of spring barley artificially infected by F. culmorum. 12 varieties were tested in 2000 and 19 in 2001. The other 32 spring barley and 15 rye samples were earned from 32 districts of the Czech Republic. The DON content in artificially infected barley in 2000 varied from 5,1 to 19,1 ppm (average 9,7 ppm); in 2001 from 1,3 to 8,2 ppm. In 2000 the correlation between DON content and TGW-values was close (r = -0,89). The comparison of DON content and TGW values in 2000 and 2001 was performed. DON content in 2001 was lower than in 2000 and TGW- values were in 2001 higher than in 2000. Monitoring of DON content and mycological control in barley samples confirmed DON appearance in all samples (0,03 to 3,77; average 0,4 ppm). The limit value was exceeded in the one case. F. graminearum was in 2001 prevailing toxinogenic species. Its occurrence is consistent with higher levels of DON. It confirmed that mycological control of all studied samples is need. There is also evident that toxinogenic species F. culmorum was replaced in 2001 by F. graminearum which was strong producer of DON too. The DON content found in tested rye samples was very low ( 0,02 to 0,33 ppm) and therefore the mycological control was not done. 902 - Pyrenopeziza betulicola and Marssonina betulae leaf spot fungi in birch: Monitoring the disease development L. Syrjälä * & M. Poteri Finnish Forest Research Institute, Juntintie 40, 77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. - E-mail: leena.syrjala@metla.fi In late summer and autumn birch (Betula sp.) leaves are full of spots caused by fungi. Often these fungi are also a reason for premature yellowing and defoliation, which may reduce growth and frost hardening of trees. In Finland common necrotic leaf spots causing species are Pyrenopeziza betulicola and Marssonina betulae. Though these fungi have been characterized and found to be common, there are very few studies of their infection biology or disease development in trees. We have studied leaf spot fungi - Betula pendula - interaction. Because global climatic change is assumed to increase atmospheric ozone and CO 2 concentration in the future, we have also followed the effect of these gases on the development of Book of Abstracts 271
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Cavernularia: 356 Cenococcum: 500,
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Order Index Agaricales: 40, 50, 51,
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Vukojevic, J.: 363 Vurro, M.: 116 V
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