Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters
Agricultural Research Organisation, Addis Abeba,
Ethiopia.
Yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Ethiopia is
poor. Five leaf diseases of fungal origin are most harmful:
stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), stem rust (P. graminis),
leaf rust (P. dispersa), Septoria tritici leaf blotch, and tan
spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). 'Bread for the World'
subsidized a project for the development of new genotypes
with better resistance, higher yield and regional adaptation.
Aegilops tauschii, a natural diploid progenitor of hexaploid
bread wheat, is employed as alien source for new
resistances against the different diseases. A. tauschii
derived resistances are exploited by bridge crosses with
tetraploid T. durum, embryo rescue culture and several
bread wheat crosses. - For multiple resistance, a single
plant selection until F7 is indispensable. Further
development is based on a shuttle between greenhouse
work (resistance selection and further crossing) and field
tests. Top lines are multiple resistant, and yield is increased
by 20 to 30% (average from 5-6 replicated experiment
station trials). Regional differences in yield are striking.
Two new varieties were already released.
821 - Saxicolous lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi on
different medieval monuments in Aosta Valley (Italy)
S. Florio, E. Savino * , M. Brusoni, I. Carulli, A. Vaccari &
M. Valcuvia
Dep. Ecologia Territorio & Ambienti Terrestri, Via S.
Epifanio, 14 - 27100 Pavia, Italy. - E-mail:
esavino@et.unipv.it
Microorganisms colonize all types of cultural artefacts
causing biodeterioration, but little is known about the
species involved. Among these, it seems nowadays that
dematiaceous meristematic fungi are more widespread than
previously thought. Saxicolous lichens and rock-inhabiting
fungi on three different Italian medieval monuments have
been investigated. The collecting sites are located in Aosta
Valley (Western Alps), an area with a somewhat
continental climate, at an altitude of about 1000m above
sea-level. The monuments were built in XI-XIV century,
with local different stones belonging to magmatic and
metamorfic rocks, weathered and deformed to different
extent. The stones, with the organisms to sample, were
observed directly. Specific cultural medium for
meristematic fungi was used. Statistical analysis has been
performed. Six different lichens were identified, two of
them rare for this mountain area. All of them grow on
subneutral or acid substrata, in sunny, rather xerophytic,
sites with weak eutrophication. A total of 10 micromycetes
taxa was identified; besides white yeasts, mycelium with
clamps, dematiaceous fungi with meristematic growth and
mycelia sterilia were present. Eleven different types of
stone were recognized. This preliminary data would
suggest that lithic substrate is not selective for fungal
communities living on the rocks. At the moment an
association between lichen and fungal population does not
seem to be significant.
822 - Does the plant defensin-like peptide SPI1 from the
gymnosperm Norway spruce protect seeds and
seedlings against pathogenic fungi?
C.G. Fossdal * & N.E. Nagy
Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Høgskoleveien 12,
N-1432 Ås, Norway. - E-mail: carl.fossdal@skogforsk.no
Plant defensins are thought to protect germinating seeds,
seedlings and plants against pathogenic fungi. However,
the detection, developmental accumulation and cellular
location of the corresponding protein in a gymnosperm
have not been reported before. On this background and
based on the predicted SPI1 amino acid sequence,
antibodies were raised to detect and localize the putative
plant defensin protein in the conifer Norway spruce [Picea
abies (L.) Karst.]. The purpose was to detect and localize
the 5kD SPI1 protein in seeds and during development, and
to study the local and systemic effect on its accumulation
after infection with three different pathogens, in young
Norway spruce seedlings. The pathogenic fungi used for
the infection studies were Heterobasidion parviporum,
Ceratocystis polonica and the pathogenic oomycete
Pythium dimorphum. The accumulation of the SPI1 protein
during root development and after infection is described
using immunoblotting. We also report that the putative
plant defensin SPI1 is detected by antibodies on Pythium
dimorphum hyphae invading the root cortex, suggesting a
specific interaction between the SPI1 protein and hyphae.
823 - Morphological and pathological variations of the
Indonesian Cochliobolus heterostrophus
A. Gafur 1* , S. Mujim 1 , T.N. Aeny 1 , B. Tjahjono 2 & A.
Suwanto 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Lampung,
Jalan S. Brojonegoror 1, Bandar Lampung 35145,
Indonesia. - 2 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases,
Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Pajajaran,
Bogor 16144, Indonesia. - 3 Department of Biology, Bogor
Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Pajajaran, Bogor
16144, Indonesia. - E-mail: gafur@uwalumni.com
Morphological variations of Cochliobolus heterostrophus
(Drechsler) Drechsler collected from different places of
Indonesia including corn areas in Bali, Java, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, and Sumatera were investigated microscopically.
This mainly included observation on colony colour,
conidial size and septa, and ascal size although variations
in hyphae and conidiophores were also examined. All of
the fungal isolates were grown in Petri dishes containing
complete medium. Pathogenicity tests of the isolates were
subsequently established. The experiments that involved
different corn varieties, both local and introduced, were
conducted by exposing all corn varieties to each of the
different isolates of C. heterostrophus. Disease symptoms
were recorded on a daily basis. Data collected from the
present study indicated that morphological variations,
Book of Abstracts 247