Health Risks of Ionizing Radiation: - Clark University
Health Risks of Ionizing Radiation: - Clark University
Health Risks of Ionizing Radiation: - Clark University
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High prostate cancer SMRs for >10 mSv external<br />
exposure (5.9, 1.6-15.3) or exposure to tritium (8.9,<br />
3.3-19.5); significant dose-response for prostate<br />
cancer<br />
Mean external dose 32.4<br />
mSv<br />
Cohort study <strong>of</strong> mortality in 39,546 employees <strong>of</strong><br />
the UK Atomic Energy Authority 1946-1979<br />
Beral et al.<br />
1985<br />
ERR estimates <strong>of</strong> 2.2/Sv (90% CI 0.1-5.7; non-CLL<br />
leukemia), 4.2/Sv (90% CI 0.3-14.4; multiple<br />
myeloma), and 0.07/Sv (90% CI -0.30-0.30; solid<br />
Mean external dose 40.2<br />
mSv<br />
Cohort study <strong>of</strong> mortality in 95,673 workers in<br />
Canada, UK, and US 1943-1988<br />
Cardis et al.<br />
1995<br />
cancer)<br />
Tritium exposure associated with cancers <strong>of</strong> the lung,<br />
prostate and testicles. Plutonium exposure associated<br />
with cancers <strong>of</strong> the lung and pleura<br />
Exposure to tritium,<br />
plutonium, or other<br />
nuclides assessed<br />
without dose<br />
Cohort study <strong>of</strong> mortality in 40,761 employees <strong>of</strong><br />
UK nuclear industry (UK Atomic Energy<br />
Authority, Atomic Weapons Establishment,<br />
Sellafield) in association with internally deposited<br />
Carpenter et<br />
al. 1998<br />
ERR estimates <strong>of</strong> 4.2/Sv (0.4-13.4; leukemia) and –<br />
0.02 (-0.5-0.6; all other cancers). Positive risks <strong>of</strong><br />
pleural cancer (RR 7.1) and uterine cancer (RR 3.0)<br />
information.<br />
Mean external dose<br />
56.5 mSv<br />
radionuclides 1946-1988<br />
Cohort study <strong>of</strong> mortality in 75,006 employees <strong>of</strong><br />
UK nuclear industry (UK Atomic Energy<br />
Authority, Atomic Weapons Establishment,<br />
Sellafield) 1946-1988<br />
Case-control study <strong>of</strong> 787 lung cancer deaths and<br />
787 controls from 4 uranium processing facilities<br />
in Missouri, Ohio and Tennessee 1943-1983<br />
Cohort study <strong>of</strong> mortality in 44,943 employees <strong>of</strong><br />
Hanford, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and<br />
Rocky Flats facilities 1945-1986<br />
Carpenter et<br />
al.1994<br />
in monitored workers<br />
Lung dose 0-1.4 Gy OR 2.0 (0.4-10.9) with radon exposure<br />
Dupree et al.<br />
1995<br />
Facility mean external<br />
doses 22-41 mSv<br />
Gilbert et al.<br />
1993<br />
<strong>Radiation</strong> Workers 95<br />
Significant dose-response trends for Hodgkin’s<br />
disease, multiple myeloma, and cancers <strong>of</strong> the<br />
esophagus and larynx. Nonsignificant ERR estimates<br />
for leukemia and solid cancer 1 . ERR for all cancer<br />
deaths after age 75 6.1/Sv (90% CI 2.2-14)<br />
ERR estimates 0.47/Sv (90% CI –0.12-1.20; all<br />
cancer), 4.3/Sv (90% CI 0.40-13.6; leukemia), and<br />
6.9/Sv (90% CI –0.03-46; multiple myeloma).<br />
Significantly positive thyroid cancer SMR (3.0,<br />
p