Health Risks of Ionizing Radiation: - Clark University

List of Tables
Table 2-1 Studies of background radiation exposure ............................................................18
Table 3-1 Studies of diagnostic x-ray exposure (including fluoroscopies and
radiologists’ exposures) ........................................................................................33
Table 3-2 Studies of external radiation therapy for benign disease ......................................36
Table 3-3 Studies of internal radiation exposure in diagnosis or treatment of
benign disease .......................................................................................................39
Table 3-4 Studies of radiation therapy for cancer .................................................................41
Table 4-1 ERR estimates (Sv -1 ) from the RERF analyses of the atomic bomb survivors .....46
Table 4-2 Studies of the atomic bomb survivors ..................................................................54
Table 5-1 Nuclear weapons test participants ........................................................................65
Table 5-2 Fallout from the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan ........................................66
Table 5-3 Fallout from the Nevada test site ..........................................................................67
Table 5-4 South Pacific exposures to fallout from nuclear weapons testing ........................69
Table 6-1 Leukemia in nuclear workers and atomic bomb survivors. ..................................88
Table 6-2 Facility-specific studies of occupational exposure ...............................................90
Table 6-3 Studies of occupational exposure using combined datasets .................................95
Table 7.1 Dose (Gy) received by Mayak workers at each of the three main facilities
and auxiliary plants ...............................................................................................98
Table 7-2 Studies of Mayak workers ..................................................................................101
Table 8-1 Comparison of miner data with residential radon studies ..................................109
Table 8-2 Studies of radon exposure in underground miners .............................................110
Table 9-1 Studies of cancer in flight personnel ...................................................................116
Table 10-1 Preconception irradiation and leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(LNHL) ...............................................................................................................124
Table 10-2 Preconception irradiation and solid cancers .......................................................126
Table 10-3 Preconception irradiation and stillbirths and congenital malformations ............128
Table 11-1 Studies of health effects around Three Mile Island ............................................138
Table 11-2 Health effects in Chernobyl cleanup workers .....................................................139
Table 11-3 Childhood thyroid cancer in Chernobyl downwinders .......................................141
Table 11-4 Childhood leukemia in Chernobyl downwinders ...............................................143
Table 11-5 Noncancer disease in Chernobyl downwinders ..................................................144
Table 12-1 Cancer incidence (adult or all ages) near nuclear facilities ................................156
Table 12-2 Childhood cancer incidence near nuclear facilities ............................................160
Table 12-3 Childhood cancer mortality near nuclear facilities .............................................164
Table 12-4 Adverse birth outcomes near nuclear facilities ...................................................166
Table 13-1 Significantly positive risk estimates at low doses ...............................................170
Table 13-2 Estimated risk of non-CLL leukemia in adults ...................................................172
Table B-1 Thyroid cancer risk estimates for various exposures ..........................................186
Table C-1 Candidate studies for inclusion ...........................................................................188
Table C-2 Pooled result for paternal preconception x-rays .................................................190
Table C-3 Pooled result for paternal radiation occupation ..................................................191
Table C-4 Exposure to a total preconception dose > 50 mSv ..............................................192
Table C-5 Exposure to a total preconception dose in the 6 months before conception
of > 5 mSv .........................................................................................................192
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