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Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes <strong>to</strong> Wastes and Energy<br />
AEA/ED45551/Issue 1<br />
Table 59 International Facilities that combust straw for heat and electricity generation<br />
Site Feeds<strong>to</strong>ck<br />
Generation<br />
Capacity Comments<br />
Denmark Straw 8.3-28 MW Straw is used in co-firing in large utility power stations in<br />
Denmark, where <strong>the</strong>re is an obligation on <strong>the</strong> powerstations<br />
<strong>to</strong> do so, for example <strong>the</strong> Grenaa site. Due <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> composition of straw <strong>the</strong>re have been severe<br />
problems with slagging, fouling and corrosion. In addition<br />
<strong>the</strong>re are restrictions on <strong>the</strong> temperature of operation.<br />
The Danes have overcome <strong>the</strong>se problems, most<br />
noticeably <strong>by</strong> building stand-alone boilers for <strong>the</strong> straw.<br />
More recently Denmark has built purpose designed straw<br />
power stations at Haslev that consumes 27,000 <strong>to</strong>nnes of<br />
straw per annum, and ano<strong>the</strong>r at Nakskov with an output<br />
of 6MW + 8MW. 217<br />
Przechlewo Straw N/A An old coal power station that provided heating for 18<br />
Poland<br />
houses, a school, a kindergarten and three office and<br />
public utility buildings was replaced with one that used<br />
straw as <strong>the</strong> fuel source. It is owned and run <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> Local<br />
Authority and uses three Apacor Brzeg Dolny boilers, with<br />
a power rating of 2 x 2.5 MW and 1 x 1.25 MW. In<br />
addition <strong>the</strong> site has a straw warehouse, 1800m 2 -<br />
sufficient <strong>to</strong> hold 1 month’s worth of straw. The 2500 <strong>to</strong>ns<br />
of straw used each year must be shredded and<br />
compressed in<strong>to</strong> cubes, with a humidity of 22%. The site<br />
has been in operation since 2001. 218<br />
Såtenergi Straw 20,000 MWh The Air Force site at Såtenergi purchase <strong>the</strong>ir heating<br />
AB,<br />
of district from a straw fired station supplied with straw <strong>by</strong> 40 local<br />
Sweden<br />
heating farmers, who also own 9% of <strong>the</strong> station. Ash generated<br />
is returned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> fields. 219<br />
China Straw 2 x 12 MW The facility in Sugian began operation in 2006 with<br />
capacity of 200,000 <strong>to</strong>nnes per annum.<br />
8.2.5 Poultry Litter<br />
The UK has several plants that use poultry litter as a feeds<strong>to</strong>ck for energy generation. Poultry Litter is a<br />
mixture of poultry droppings and <strong>the</strong> material used as bedding, often wood chippings. The material has a<br />
calorific value between 8.8 -15GJ/t and a highly variable moisture content of between 20% and 50%,<br />
depending upon husbandry practices. The key players in <strong>the</strong> industry have now resolved most technical<br />
issues associated with using this as a fuel. The ash produced is largely used as a fertiliser, as it is high in<br />
potassium and potash.<br />
The UK has been at <strong>the</strong> forefront of power generation from poultry litter with three plants currently in<br />
operation: Eye and Thetford in England, and Westfield in Scotland. Although it is possible <strong>to</strong> co-fire<br />
poultry litter with coal, <strong>the</strong>re are few examples of this described in <strong>the</strong> literature. Poultry litter now falls<br />
under WID controls, and as such any new facility would have <strong>to</strong> comply with WID emission limits.<br />
217 Case Study: Straw fuelled heating plant in Nakskov, Denmark, European Commission, Direc<strong>to</strong>rate General for Energy and Transport.<br />
218 Case Study: Biomass straw fired boiler plant in Przechlewo, Poland, European Commission, Direc<strong>to</strong>rate General for Energy and Transport.<br />
219 Såtenergi AB- 4 MW Straw heating plant, http://www.managenergy.net/download/nr80.pdf<br />
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