to read the full report - Ecolateral by Peter Jones
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Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes <strong>to</strong> Wastes and Energy<br />
AEA/ED45551/Issue 1<br />
• The AD site at Bank Farm in Wales was one of <strong>the</strong> first on farm AD sites in <strong>the</strong> UK, becoming<br />
operational in 1991 with a capacity <strong>to</strong> treat 790m 3 . It has recently been converted <strong>to</strong> generate<br />
electricity from <strong>the</strong> methane produced on site.<br />
A proposed AD site at Piddlehin<strong>to</strong>n in Dorset has recently been granted panning permission. It is<br />
expected that this site will accept 35,000 <strong>to</strong>nnes per annum of food waste, green waste and pig slurry,<br />
and generate electricity and a biofertiliser. 255<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r sites that are <strong>full</strong>y consented but are not yet operational are Eye Airfield in Suffolk which is<br />
expected <strong>to</strong> have an output of 1.05 MW, Dimmer in Somerset anticipated <strong>to</strong> have a 3MW output, and<br />
Lowe Farm with a predicted output of 0.5MW.<br />
International Situation<br />
Digestion of agricultural manure and slurries <strong>by</strong> controlled AD are well utilised in some European<br />
Countries. Centralised Anaerobic Digestion was first used in Denmark in <strong>the</strong> late 1980s. Its appeal is<br />
growing rapidly and its use is now common in Germany and <strong>to</strong> some extent in Sweden and Italy.<br />
Production of biogas in <strong>the</strong> EU 27 has risen steadily over <strong>the</strong> last few years and <strong>to</strong>talled 62 TWh in 2006<br />
(once again, compare this against Drax power station output of 25TWh p.a.). 256<br />
It is worth noting that <strong>the</strong> use of AD systems across Europe can be split in<strong>to</strong> two distinct types. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
countries such as Italy, Portugal and Spain use it as a waste-water treatment technology because <strong>the</strong><br />
waste is collected at high water content levels, so containing low solid residues. While in nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
European countries such as Germany, Denmark and Switzerland <strong>the</strong> water content is considerably lower,<br />
<strong>the</strong> solid content correspondingly higher and <strong>the</strong> systems optimized for fertilizer production. 257<br />
Denmark<br />
There are over 20 centralised plants operating in Denmark, with a fur<strong>the</strong>r 20 farm scale operations.<br />
Feeds<strong>to</strong>cks are mainly pig and cattle manure, but also include waste food, fat sludge and brewery<br />
wastes. 257<br />
• The Vester Hjermitslev was <strong>the</strong> first centralized co-digestion plant in Denmark, built in 1984 and<br />
supplied <strong>by</strong> 5 cattle and pig farms which supply slurry <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with a small amount<br />
of fish processing waste, tannery waste and waste fodder. The process operates at 37°C, with a<br />
sanitation stage of 4½ hours at 57°C. Once this is completed <strong>the</strong> biogas can be utilised in <strong>the</strong><br />
onsite CHP unit in <strong>the</strong> 2 mo<strong>to</strong>rs (840 kW +770 kW). Any overproduction is used in a gas boiler<br />
(250 kW). 257<br />
• The Ribe Biogas Plant began operating in 1990 and is supplied <strong>by</strong> 69 lives<strong>to</strong>ck farms (cattle, pig,<br />
poultry, mink), <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with waste from abat<strong>to</strong>irs, food and fish waste. The facility is owned <strong>by</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> supplying farmers, a food processing company that supplies organic waste <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant, <strong>the</strong><br />
regional power company and two investment companies. The site operates at a digestion<br />
temperature of 53°C, and <strong>the</strong> minimum retention time of 4 hours ensures <strong>the</strong> digestate is<br />
sanitised, and is <strong>the</strong>n used <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> slurry providers as a liquid fertiliser, or sold as surplus. The<br />
biogas produced <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> system is piped <strong>to</strong> a CHP pant at Ribe, which generates electricity and<br />
heat for <strong>the</strong> city using a mix of bio gas and natural gas. 257<br />
• Nysted biogas plant was built as an extension <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> al<strong>read</strong>y established Hashøj biogas plant.<br />
Slurry and manure is received from 36 farms and is mixed with waste from <strong>the</strong> sugar industry, <strong>the</strong><br />
medicinal industry, tanneries, an abat<strong>to</strong>ir as well as fruit and vegetable waste and held at 38°C,<br />
with a sanitation phase consisting of 8 hours at 55°C. The plant is also able <strong>to</strong> process source<br />
separated household waste. The biogas produced is used in a 2300 kW engine <strong>to</strong> generate<br />
electricity for <strong>the</strong> grid and heat for 150 cus<strong>to</strong>mers. 257<br />
255 Green Light for £5.5 Million Dorset AD Facility, 16.03.09, LetsRecycle.com,<br />
http://www.letsrecycle.com/do/ecco.py/view_item?listid=37&listcatid=217&listitemid=31237<br />
256 Danish Centralised Biogas Plants – Plant Descriptions, Bioenergy Department, University of Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Denmark, 2000.<br />
257 Environmental Aspects of Biogas Technology, B. Klingler, German Biogas Association, AD-NETT.<br />
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