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184 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 • Calculated by subtracting figures from known industries sawmill wastes, wood products industry, furniture wastes) away from total arisings. • Likely to include waste wood from refurbishing industry – may be double counting with the C&D waste stream. • Likely to include a significant proportion of packaging waste. • Data is likely to be of ‘poor quality’ as based on visual inspections. Table 100 Estimations of future Waste wood arisings from various waste streams. Year MSW arisings (‘000 tonnes, no furniture) MSW furniture (‘000 tonnes) C&D (‘000 tonnes, mid range estimate) C&I (‘000 tonnes) 2005 1,097 620 5091 6,563 2006 1,113 629 5116 6,579 2007 1,130 639 5142 6,595 2008 1,147 648 5167 6,612 2009 1,164 658 5193 6,628 2010 1,181 668 5219 6,644 2011 1,199 678 5245 6,661 2012 1,217 688 5271 6,678 2013 1,235 698 5298 6,695 2014 1,254 709 5324 6,712 2015 1,273 719 5351 6,729
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Wastes and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Appendix 2 Waste Legislation Waste management strategies The European Union has become the major source of environmental legislation and guidance in relation to the management of waste. A number of European Directives which aim to increase levels of recycling and recovery, and thus reduce the amount of waste which is landfilled, have been introduced: • Framework Directive on Waste (75/442/EEC) • Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) • Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EEC) • Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (2002/96/EC) • End of Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) • Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation 2037/2000) • Directive on Batteries (2006/66/EC) • Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) Although most waste legislation in the UK has been introduced to meet the requirements set by European Directives, the UK Government has also introduced additional legislation, some of which, such as the Landfill Tax Regulations 1996, is specifically aimed at encouraging recycling. Landfill Directive The European Commission Landfill Directive of 1999 (1999/31/EC) was passed into English and Welsh law in 2002, and Scottish law in 2003. This aims to prevent, or minimise, the negative effects on both the environment and human health caused by landfilling of wastes. The Directive requires the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste (MSW) sent to landfill in the UK to be reduced: • to 75% of 1995 levels by 2010, • to 50% of 1995 levels by 2013, and • to 35% of 1995 levels by 2020. The Government has implemented the requirements for land filling of biodegradable waste through the Waste and Emissions Trading Act 2003. This sets Waste Disposal Authorities annual allowances limiting how much biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) can be landfilled in any particular year, with effect from April 2005. The Government will fine Authorities that do not achieve their annual targets, but will allow Authorities to buy allowances from other Waste Disposal Authorities if they expect to landfill more than their allocations and sell their surplus if they expect to landfill less than their allowance. The Landfill Directive also sets a requirement that only waste that has been subject to treatment can be landfilled. This requirement applied to landfilling of hazardous waste from July 2004, and was extended to all wastes (such as commercial and industrial wastes) destined for landfill (with some exceptions) from 30 October 2007. A number of European countries have introduced 315 legislation which bans the landfilling of wastes with biological activity and intrinsic energy above set de-minimis limits. These restrictions apply to all wastes irrespective of their origin, and compliance is impossible without some form of treatment - mechanical, biological or thermal. However, the guidance 316 for the UK indicates that provided some source separation of recyclable material has occurred, the waste can be landfilled without requiring any further treatment. The Government intends to consult on whether the introduction of further restrictions on the landfilling of biodegradable wastes or recyclable materials would make an effective contribution to meeting the objectives (reducing greenhouse gas emissions 315 Delivering Key Waste Management Infrastructure : Lessons Learned from Europe. Final Report by SLR to CIWM, November 2005 316 Treatment of non-hazardous waste for landfill. Environment Agency, February 2007.
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