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6 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Construction and Demolition waste is largely comprised of mineral waste, with small amounts of wood, plastics and metals. Most investigation of this waste stream has focused on recycling the mineral proportion into aggregate. Of the three controlled waste streams this one produces the greatest tonnage of waste, but has little or no fuel content. Bio-solids are produced from waste water treatment sites, as the main by-product. Data quality is generally good and in 2004/5 1.72 Mt of dry bio-solids was produced. Estimates are that this will increase to 2.5 Mt by 2030 due to an increasing number of households and tighter waste water and pollutions controls through legislation. Agricultural residues include manures and slurries, and straw and poultry litter. Levels of available straw (after traditional uses) for 2006 were estimated to be 2.9 million tonnes for the UK, while poultry litter with an energy content of 37 million GJ was produced. Manures and slurries from cattle were estimated to produce a total, collectable, 9.9 million kilograms per day of volatile solids, pigs 669 thousand kilograms per day of volatile solids and fowls 1.8 million kilograms per day of volatile solids. Accurate current and future arisings are difficult to predict as the sector is highly dependent on weather, farming practices and markets. Residues are usually recycled to land apart from poultry litter, that is already approximately 50 percent is committed to energy from waste plants, and a small proportion of cereal Forestry residues arise from forests and woodlands, primary processing co-products and arboricultural work. Total available forestry residues in the UK are estimated to be 1,987,000 odt per annum, although it is unlikely this full amount could be realised for energy, and the data quality is generally uncertain. Some future estimations show an increase of material available, but no significant changes are expected. Not all waste is suitable as a renewable fuel and some waste streams contain only a proportion of material that could be used as fuel. Figure 1 illustrates the total quantities of waste from each of the streams above and the total content of materials that could be used for energy.
Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy AEA/ED45551/Issue 1 Total MSW 34,400,000 tonnes pa Total C&I 82,600,000 tonnes pa Total C&D 118,600,000 tonnes pa Bio-solids 1,720,000 tonnes pa Figure 1 Total Waste Arisings for the UK Estimated Food 12,325,000 tonnes pa Estimated Paper and board 26,309,000 tonnes pa Estimated Wood from all waste sources 10,541,000 tonnes pa Agricultural Residues Total Manure 12,400,000t pa Straw 2,912,000t pa after traditional uses have been taken into account Forestry Residues 1,987,000 odt pa After traditional uses have been taken into account As is apparent from these figures there is a very substantial amount of potential fuel available in the waste arisings from the UK. Clearly not all of these are immediately available for energy production and many factors can influence the amount of renewable energy that waste can contribute: • recycling is increasing rapidly and will reduce the availability of wood and paper; • pressure to reduce landfill to meet EU directives may result in take up of the more proven options of mass burn combustion with energy recovery, and composting, rather than more innovative approaches that could offer a higher energy return but require time to become established; • the Renewables Obligation could drive cleaner waste resources toward electricity generation rather combined heat and power and other more resource efficient applications. 7
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South East 327 - - 55% of MSW by 20
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Appendix 3 MBT Methods Specific in
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Figure 27 Orchid Environmental proc
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